Dispersal of
Trichogramma
spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in an Apple Orchard After Inundative Releases

Yu, Du; Laing, J. E.; Hagley, E. A. C.

doi:10.1093/ee/13.2.371

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This result was agreed with Castaneda- Samayoa et al (1993) who tested the vertical distribution of four Trichogramma species at the vine canopy. He found that T. dendrolimi preferred the zone >150 cm height of canopy, while Yu et al (1984) found that the vertical distribution of T. minutum within apple trees was skewed toward the lower pail of the tree canopy. The searching activity of the parasitoids is important in terms of developing eVective release techniques and for predicting the eYcacy of releases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of inundative releases of Trichogramma evanescens in controlling Lobesia botrana in vineyards in Egypt

2007

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The present work was conducted to evaluate the eYcacy of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) in controlling the European grape berry moth Lobesia botrana (Den. & SchiV.) in two vineyards, in El-Beheira and ElGharbia Governorates, northern Egypt during the 2004 and 2005 seasons. T. evanescens was mass produced on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs in National Research Center in Egypt. The horizontal and vertical searching activity of T. evanescens was studied to determine the proper way of distributing the Trichogramma cards in vineyards in 2004. Field experiments were also conducted to evaluate inundative releases of T. evanescens to control L. botrana on large scale in 2005. Parasitism by T. evanescens on L. botrana eggs was greatly aVected with the horizontal or vertical distance from the release points. Parasitism reached over 97% and reduction percents of infestation were caused by the pest reached 96.8% in treated plots. A signiWcant increase in the crop was achieved in treated plots. The results showed that the release cards should be distributed in every three grape rows and on height 130-170 cm to obtain good parasitism rates. T. evanescens could be a potential candidate for biological control of L. botrana in vineyards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of inundative releases of Trichogramma evanescens in controlling Lobesia botrana in vineyards in Egypt

2007

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“…Increased parasitism of spruce budworm egg masses has occurred by releasing more T. minutum, but the relationship was not linear (Smith et al 1986). Releases of T. minurum into apple at different canopy positions had no effect on the location of parasitized codling moth eggs, which were parasitized to the greatest extent near the bottom of the tree (Yu et al 1984b). However, Zhilyaeva et al (1975) reports T. minutum colonized apple trees uniformly.…”

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confidence: 93%

Assays with Commercially Produced Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) To Determine Suitability for Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Control

Lawson

Nyrop

Reissig

1997

Environmental Entomology

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Laboratory assayswere used to compare the ability of commerciallyproduced Trichogramma spp. to parasitize eggs of the obliquebanded leafroller.Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), in the laboratory mld field. Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti parasitized more obliquebanded leafroller eggs per egg mass than did Trichogmmlrw pretiosum Riley or TrichogramllUl minutum Riley produced by either of 2 insectaries. T millutum produced at 1 insectary caused significantlymore host mortality by host feeding and repiercing than by parasitism. Variation in parasitoid performance frDm different insectaries and among shipments from the same insectary was common. Youngegg masses were more heavilyparasitized than old egg masses. Parasitism increased as the number of conspecific female Trichograrnma spp. placed on the same host increased, but the number of eggs parasitized per female decreased. Exposure of host egg masses to female TrichogramllUl spp. prevented additional oviposition in the same egg mass by conspecific,ovipositionally experienced females but had no effect on parasitism by conspecific, ovipositionally naive females. The method used to attach sentinel egg masses to foliageinRuenced parasitism rates. Moistening the leaf with water and adhering the egg mass to the moistened leaf had the least impact. Inundative releases of TricTlOgrarnma spp. into an apple orchard paralleled laboratory assays by showing greater parasitism of obliquebanded leafroller egg masses by T platneri than \vith T minutum. However, extreme differences observed in field performance between the 2 species was not predicted from the assays.KEY WORDS Choristolleum rosaceana, TrichogmrnllUl spp., apple, biological control OBLIQUEBANDEDLEAFROLLER, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), is a major pest of apples in New York State. In some orchards, fruit damage from this pest can reach 20%, even when multiple insecticide applications are used for control (Lawson et al. 1996). One alternative control strategy being investigated for this pest is inundative release of commercially produced egg parasitoids of Trichogramma spp. Casual assessments in insecticidetreated commercial orchards have revealed as many as 40% of the obliquebanded leafroller egg masses parasitized by endemic Trichogramma spp., with =50 parasitized eggs per located egg mass. Hassan (1990) suggested that when selecting Trichogramma spp. for augmentative release, attributes which directly influence field performance, such as searching ability (habitat location, host location), host preference (recognition, acceptance, suitability), and tolerance to environmental conditions, should be evaluated. Hassan (1994) outlined a 3-step procedure for assessing the suitability of Trichogramma spp. First, the contact and parasitism method for evaluating host preference was recommended to screen host suitability and preference of Trichogramma spp. quickly in the laboratory. The Trichogramma spp. that indicate high levels of host acceptance would be examined under semi field conditions to assess search...

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“…UC database (2004), (27) UFL/IFAS (2000), (28) Urbaneja et al (2003); (29) Van Driesche and Hoddle (1995); (30)Yu et al (1984), (31)Zhu et al (2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

History and Future of Introduction of Exotic Arthropod Biological Control Agents in Spain: A Dilemma?

2006

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The first documented introduction of an exotic invertebrate biological control agent (IBCA) in Spain occurred in 1908. Sixty-four additional species have been introduced since then. Information, both previously recorded and original data, on the species introduced for pest control is summarized. Most of the introduced IBCAs focused on citrus pests and homopterans clearly predominate among target phytophagous species. Success has been more frequent for IBCAs used in seasonal inoculative strategies (50.0% of cases) than in classical biological control programs (17.1% of cases). Concerns about potential non-target effects of such species are increasing, but post-release evaluation has often been insufficient to draw any conclusions about them. Most of the beneficial species introduced in Spain were parasitoids (n = 53), and the remaining species were predators (n = 12). Only four parasitoids are considered specialized monophagous natural enemies. The mean number of host species parasitized by parasitoids is 15.2, whereas the mean number of prey species attacked by predators is 21.2. Therefore, polyphagy appears to be quite common among the IBCAs that have been introduced in Spain. The rationale guiding many of these introductions in the past would not be acceptable nowadays. Since classical biological control is such a valuable strategy for pest control, straightforward protocols to evaluate exotic candidate species are urgently needed.

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Dispersal of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in an Apple Orchard After Inundative Releases

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of inundative releases of Trichogramma evanescens in controlling Lobesia botrana in vineyards in Egypt

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of inundative releases of Trichogramma evanescens in controlling Lobesia botrana in vineyards in Egypt

Assays with Commercially Produced Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) To Determine Suitability for Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Control

History and Future of Introduction of Exotic Arthropod Biological Control Agents in Spain: A Dilemma?

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