Dissecting the transcriptional regulatory networks of promoter-associated noncoding RNAs in development and cancer

Abstract

In-depth analysis of global RNA sequencing has enabled a comprehensive overview of cellular transcriptomes and revealed the pervasive transcription of divergent RNAs from promoter regions across eukaryotic genomes. These studies disclosed that genomes encode a vast repertoire of RNAs beyond the well-known protein-coding messenger RNAs. Furthermore, they have provided novel insights into the regulation of eukaryotic epigenomes, and transcriptomes, including the identification of novel classes of noncoding transcripts, such as the promoterassociated noncoding RNAs (pancRNAs). PancRNAs are defined as transcripts transcribed within few hundred bases from the transcription start sites (TSSs) of protein-coding or non-coding genes. Unlike the long transacting ncRNAs that regulate expression of target genes located in different chromosomal domains and displaying their function both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, the pancRNAs operate as cis-acting elements in the transcriptional regulation of neighboring genes. PancRNAs are very recently emerging as key players in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression programs in development and diseases. Herein, we review the complex epigenetic network driven by pancRNAs in eukaryotic cells, their impact on physiological and pathological states, which render them promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in spermatogenesis and male infertility

“…These are cis-acting elements which regulate the expression of their neighbouring genes. The PALPs have recently emerged as an important epigenetic regulator of genes involved in a variety of diseases [ 59 ]. Myoparr is a promoter associated lncRNAs, which is transcribed from the promoter region of human and mouse myogenin gene.…”

Long Non-coding RNA PTPRG-AS1 Promotes Cell Tumorigenicity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Decoying microRNA-545-3p and Consequently Enhancing HDAC4 Expression

“…With the development of gene sequencing, numerous lncRNAs have been identi ed that are dysregulated in the human genome [40]. A growing body of evidence has indicated that the dysregulated lncRNAs are closely related with the genesis and progression of EOC and involved in the control of nearly all types of tumorigenic behavior [41][42][43].…”

Long non-coding RNA PTPRG-AS1 promotes cell tumorigenicity in epithelial ovarian cancer by decoying microRNA-545-3p and consequently enhancing HDAC4 expression

“…With the development of gene sequencing, numerous lncRNAs have been identi ed that are dysregulated in the human genome [40]. A growing body of evidence has indicated that the dysregulated lncRNAs are closely related with the genesis and progression of EOC and are involved in the control of nearly all types of tumorigenic behavior [41][42][43].…”