Dissimilar Electron Beam Welding of Nickel Base Alloy 625 and 9% Cr Steel

Wiednig, Christopher Alois; Lochbichler, Claus; Enzinger, Norbert; Béal, Coline; Sommitsch, Christof

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.027

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…5) which is not favourably regarding ductility. Other studies have shown that a narrow area with high hardness does not generally lead to toughness problems (see [22]). However, high hardness in the FZ causes a high mismatch ratio between base metal and FZ [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Wiednig

Enzinger

2017

Weld World

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For over a hundred years, Charpy impact testing has been performed. It is one of the most frequently used material tests. Due to a very simple test setup, a huge wealth of experience and an enormous database of results, it is still state of the art to evaluate toughness of materials and welds. Modern welding technologies like laser welding or electron beam welding (EBW) are characterized by a low heat input. The high energy density of these technologies results in very narrow welds. These kind of joints are difficult to analyse by means of a standard Charpy test. The combination of weld cross section and properties lead in most cases to a fracture path deviation (FPD). Although the crack starts from a notch, it deviates during propagation into the heat-affected zone or even in the base material. Therefore, the weld itself is not tested and cannot be characterized. FPD is a wellknown issue but so far little attention in standards has been paid to this complex topic. Hence, establishing a valid welding procedure specification for beam welding procedures may imply difficulties. This work focuses on avoiding FPD in electron beam welds in soft-matensitic steel (1.4313) by using standard and side notched Charpy impact specimens. Valid toughness result had to be found for 20-and 100-mm-thick welds at −20 • C. Several test with three different kind of specimen in two different heat-treated conditions were carried out. It was found that beside the narrow seam a major reason for FPD is the significant overmatching of the weld. A post weld heat treatment to reduce overmatching facilitates testing but can decrease toughness. Adequate results for qualification were found and EB welds reached sufficient toughness at −20 • C. Toughness of EB welds was compared to the toughness of conventional gas metal arc welds (GMAW). Finally, a recommendation for adapting the toughness characterization for narrow and overmatching seams is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In several publications, the advantages of EBW, especially in thick-walled welding, is mentioned [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A low overall heat input and the high cooling rate of this process is a significant characteristic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Wiednig

Enzinger

2017

Weld World

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“…The main issues in weldability of nickel based alloys is that they have a tendency to develop hot cracking of crystallization and they may even develop in the transverse direction and form micro cracks [9]. Liquid phases are usually present on the grain boundaries, due to which hot cracks are created and also there is a decohesion of the metal due to shrinkages during the weld while it is getting cooled [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The nickel based super alloys is weldable and has a significant resistance to cracking [17].…”

Section: Weldabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Weldability, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Nickel Based Super Alloys: a review

Sashank¹,

Rajakumar

Karthikeyan³

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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Welding of Nickel Based Super Alloys has been challenging due to the cracking and microstructure segregation of alloying elements. These super alloys are often used in extreme environments like in Turbine Blades, Boilers of Waste incinerators, Seals, Turbocharger rotors, high temperature fasteners, pressure vessels etc. The major application include Aerospace and Automobile Industry. The current paper will cover the relevant published work on welding processes and the challenges that were faced to weld nickel based super alloys. The review will go on to describe the weldability, microstructure and mechanical properties that are produced during and after the welding process. This paper will mainly focus on nickel based super alloys and poses many challenges which need to be focused and solved to produce an operational system in an acceptable time frame.

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“…The liquation cracks are mainly located in the near weld area of heat affected zone (HAZ). The cause of hot cracks are the liquid phases present on the grain boundary with a lower melting temperature, along which occurs the metal decohesion due to shrinkage stresses during crystallization and cooling of the weld [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Corrosion Studies of Electron Beam Welded Nickel Alloy

et al. 2019

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The paper presents the influence of electron - beam (EB) remelting effect on the surface layer electrochemical parameters obtained from potentiodynamic anodic polarization studies and impedance spectroscopy measurements for a set of Inconel 617 electron beam remelted obtained for different process parameters. The correlation between EBW process parameters and characteristic of surface oxide layer properties and resistance to the acidic environment were discussed. The electrochemical studies were supported by microstructural analysis of the remelted zone (RZ), heat affected zone (HAZ), native metal and observed precipitates formed under rapid solidification process. Both electrochemical technics applied to evaluate corrosion properties of remelted Inconel 617 evidenced a strong influence of the electron beam current on the corrosion resistance.

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Dissimilar Electron Beam Welding of Nickel Base Alloy 625 and 9% Cr Steel

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Toughness evaluation of EB welds

Weldability, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Nickel Based Super Alloys: a review

The Corrosion Studies of Electron Beam Welded Nickel Alloy

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