Dissociation of the subjective and objective bodies: Out‐of‐body experiences following the development of a posterior cingulate lesion

Hiromitsu, Kentaro; Shinoura, Nobusada; Yamada, Ryoji; Midorikawa, Akira

doi:10.1111/jnp.12199

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It also appears to be specifically related to both interoceptive and exteroceptive perception, including sense of self-location and direction (Guterstam et al, 2015), and altered states of bodily awareness, such as body illusions (Park et al, 2016). A case study found that a tumor in the PCC was associated with symptoms consistent with depersonalization (Hiromitsu et al, 2020) and similarly, stimulation of the region has been associated with the perception of limb movement when at rest (Popa et al, 2019). The isthmus is adjacent and posterior to the PCC; it connects the PCC to the parahippocampal gyrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological and genetic correlates of the dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Wolf¹,

Hawn²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Sci

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Approximately 10%–30% of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit a dissociative subtype of the condition defined by symptoms of depersonalization and derealization. This study examined the psychometric evidence for the dissociative subtype of PTSD in a sample of young, primarily male post-9/11-era Veterans (n = 374 at baseline and n = 163 at follow-up) and evaluated its biological correlates with respect to resting state functional connectivity (default mode network [DMN]; n = 275), brain morphology (hippocampal subfield volume and cortical thickness; n = 280), neurocognitive functioning (n = 337), and genetic variation (n = 193). Multivariate analyses of PTSD and dissociation items suggested a class structure was superior to dimensional and hybrid ones, with 7.5% of the sample comprising the dissociative class; this group showed stability over 1.5 years. Covarying for age, sex, and PTSD severity, linear regression models revealed that derealization/depersonalization severity was associated with: decreased DMN connectivity between bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and right isthmus (p = .015; adjusted-p [padj] = .097); increased bilateral whole hippocampal, hippocampal head, and molecular layer head volume (p = .010–.034; padj = .032–.053); worse self-monitoring (p = .018; padj = .079); and a candidate genetic variant (rs263232) in the adenylyl cyclase 8 gene (p = .026), previously associated with dissociation. Results converged on biological structures and systems implicated in sensory integration, the neural representation of spatial awareness, and stress-related spatial learning and memory, suggesting possible mechanisms underlying the dissociative subtype of PTSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological and genetic correlates of the dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Wolf¹,

Hawn²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Sci

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“…The TPJ is also considered a key region for vestibular processing, multisensory integration and body perception [28]. Later studies confirmed the association of OBEs with the TPJ [4,[29][30][31] and linked OBEs to motor imagery, cortical hyperexcitability, cervical spinal cord damage [31][32][33][34], and additional brain regions such as the cerebellum, the anterior insular cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex [30,31,35,36].…”

Section: A Common Definition and Classification Of Out-of-body Experi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-body experiences in relation to lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis: a theoretical review and conceptual model

Campillo-Ferrer,

Alcaraz,

Demšar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Out-of body experiences (OBEs) are characterized by the subjective experience of being located outside the physical body. Evidence supports that OBEs triggered by electrical stimulation and epileptic seizures are associated with disrupted brain activity in a distributed network centred at the temporo-parietal junction and the resulting multisensory disruption of body representation. However, little is known about the neurophysiology of spontaneous OBEs, which are often reported by healthy individuals as occurring during states of reduced vigilance, particularly in proximity to or during sleep (sleep-related OBEs). A sleep phenomenon that has been linked to this particular kind of OBE is lucid dreaming, i.e., the realization of being in a dream state. Thus, both lucid dreams and sleep-related OBEs are characterized by the conscious awareness of not being in a standard waking state at the moment of the experience. In this paper, we review the current state of research on sleep-related OBEs and hypothesize that these phenomena, along with certain types of lucid dreams, are more likely to occur during direct transitions from wakefulness to REM sleep (sleep-onset REM periods). Based on this hypothesis, we propose a new conceptual model that potentially describes the relationship between OBEs and sleep states. The model sheds light on the phenomenological differences between sleep-related OBEs and similar states of consciousness, such as lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis, and explores the potential polysomnographic features underlying sleep-related OBEs. Subsequently, we apply the predictive coding framework to suggest that sleep-related OBEs form part of a broader spectrum of experiences, proposing a connecting link between OBEs occurring in a sleep state and OBEs reported during wakefulness. We conclude by discussing experimental options for testing this model.

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“…These methods enabled to identify the implication of the temporoparietal junction (O. Blanke & Arzy, 2005;Olaf Blanke, Ortigue, Landis, & Seeck, 2002)-but see (Daltrozzo, Kotchoubey, Gueler, & Karim, 2016;Fang, Yan, & Fang, 2014)-the anterior insular cortex (Yu et al, 2018), and the posterior cingulate cortex (Hiromitsu, Shinoura, Yamada, & Midorikawa, 2020), among other regions (Smith & Messier, 2014) in OBEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using eye movement to signal the onset of self-induced out-of-body experiences (OBEs)

Weiler,

Casseb,

Acunzo

2024

Preprint

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In this pilot study, we delved into the experiences of three individuals who claimed the ability to induce Out-of-Body Experiences (OBEs) at will. Our primary objective was to ascertain the feasibility of replicating self-induced OBEs within a controlled laboratory setting. Additionally, we aimed to explore the potential of utilizing voluntary horizontal eye movements, monitored through electro-oculography (EOG), as an indicator of OBE onset. During the study, we observed how room layout and environmental conditions influenced the participants’ ability to induce OBEs. Notably, two participants successfully induced OBEs during the experiment. Significantly, our findings suggest that horizontal eye movements, as detected by EOG, could serve as a reliable marker for the initiation of OBEs. This study paves the way for further research and investigation into the intriguing realm of OBEs.

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Dissociation of the subjective and objective bodies: Out‐of‐body experiences following the development of a posterior cingulate lesion

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Neurobiological and genetic correlates of the dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Neurobiological and genetic correlates of the dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Out-of-body experiences in relation to lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis: a theoretical review and conceptual model

Using eye movement to signal the onset of self-induced out-of-body experiences (OBEs)

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