Distinct dimensions defining the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: Implications for assessing inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

Abstract

There has been growing interest in studying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood as a result of research indicating that ADHD often persists into adulthood and frequently is comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Adult ADHD symptoms are most commonly assessed via self-report, but prior research examining the structure of self-reported adult ADHD symptoms has yielded discrepant results. Explicating the factor structure of ADHD symptom measures is essential to determine if such self-report measures assess symptom dimensions showing distinctive relations with other psychopathology and psychosocial functioning. Consequently, we examined the structure of adult ADHD symptoms in a large sample of adult outpatients (N = 1,094). Symptoms were assessed via the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS; Kessler et al., 2005), which has become the most widely used self-report ADHD measure. Additionally, we extended prior research by examining the relations for emergent ADHD dimensions with other psychopathology and psychosocial impairment. Results indicated that the ASRS's items define a bifactor structure with specific dimensions of inattentiveness, motor hyperactivity/impulsivity, and verbal hyperactivity/impulsivity. Our results indicate that specific ADHD factors show distinctive relations in some ways. For example, verbal hyperactivity/impulsivity showed negative relations with major depressive disorder, whereas inattentiveness showed positive relations with major depression. These results highlight the need for future research determining the extent to which making distinctions among various ADHD symptom types (i.e., distinguishing motor and verbal hyperactivity/impulsivity) is empirically warranted and clinically useful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Health-related quality-of-life assessment in dementia: Evidence of cross-cultural validity in Latin America.

“…However, we used the notation ω h for both general and domain specific factor because the same methodological principle applies (Brunner, Nagy, & Wilhelm, 2012) and for ease of presentation. To estimate ω h , we used standardized factor loadings estimated by WLSMV in line with recent studies across fields of psychological assessment (e.g., Adams et al, 2018; Fergus, Kelley, & Griggs, 2017; Shihata, McEvoy, & Mullan, 2018; Stanton, Forbes, & Zimmerman, 2018).…”

Age and Gender Measurement Noninvariance of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

“…These studies did not attempt to fit higher-order models such as bifactor models, which have been found to fit the ASRS-18 (Morin, Tran, & Caci, 2013;Stanton, Forbes, & Zimmerman, 2018). We also know of no age or gender measurement invariance modeling of the ASRS-6.…”

“…Twofactor models fit best to studies using smaller samples, noncommunity samples, or the ASRS-6 in other languages (Carlucci, Ivanova, Bissada, & Tasca, 2017;Daigre et al, 2009;Doğan, Õncü, Varol-Saraçoğlu, & Küçükgöncü, 2009;Hesse, 2013). These studies did not attempt to fit higher order models such as bifactor models, which have been found to fit the ASRS-18 (Morin, Tran, & Caci, 2013;Stanton, Forbes, & Zimmerman, 2018). We also know of no age or gender measurement invariance modeling of the ASRS-6.…”

Unique and shared features of narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders: Implications for assessing and modeling externalizing traits

“…We also examined relations for emergent factors from both sets of factor analyses with indicators of other psychopathology and psychosocial impairment. We used both types of factor analytic approaches given that recent research employing bifactor analysis indicates that various externalizing traits (e.g., callousness and impulsivity) strongly define a general factor, such that the remaining variance accounted for by specific externalizing factors may not be meaningful and may show little predictive power in regard to other psychopathology and impairment (Persson, Kajonius, & Garcia, ; Stanton, Forbes, & Zimmerman, ). However, other research on externalizing psychopathology indicates that some grandiose narcissistic traits are at least somewhat distinct from traits comprising ASPD/psychopathy.…”