In this work, self-organization in semiconductor lasers with ultra-short optical feedback is investigated. Exploiting dc currents to tune the relevant feedback parameters, we have experimentally prepared and studied a number of novel nonlinear dynamical scenarios.Two different types of self-sustaining intensity-pulsations are detected depending on strength and phase of the feedback. One type of pulsations is emerging in a Hopf-bifurcation from relaxation oscillations. These oscillations become undamped due to dispersive self-Q switching. The second type of pulsations is a beating of distinct compound-cavity modes. It is also born in a Hopf bifurcation. These findings represent experimental evidence for theoretical predictions. A supplementary mode and stability analysis agrees well with measurements.Coexistence of mode beating and relaxation oscillations gives rise to the break-up of regular pulsations into chaotic emission via a quasi-periodic route to chaos. The sudden destruction of chaos is indicative of a boundary crisis scenario, in which we see a discontinuous disappearance of an attractor. The existence of chaotic saddles underlying transient chaotic dynamics which appears behind boundary crisis is experimentally verified. It is experimentally demonstrated that an excitation of chaotic transients is closely related to a conventional excitability. The experiment is supplemented by numerical simulations.The influence of external Gaussian noise close to the onset of sub-and super-critical Hopf bifurcations is studied. Noise-induced oscillations appear as a noisy precursor with Lorentzian shape peak in the power spectrum. The coherence factor defined by the product of height and quality factor exhibits non-monotonic behavior with a distinct maximum at a certain noise intensity for both types of Hopf bifurcations, demonstrating coherence resonance. Besides these similarities, the measurements reveal also qualitative differences between the two cases. Whereas the width of the noise induced peak increases monotonically with noise intensity for the supercritical bifurcation, it traverses a pronounced minimum in the subcritical case. The experimental findings are examined in terms of general model for the noise driven motion close to bifurcations.
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