“…Global interest in flexibility of electricity use on the demand-side has grown significantly over the past decade (Dupont, Dietrich, Jonghe, De Ramos, & Belmans, 2014) owing to the possibility to reduce electricity consumption via demand side management (DSM) programs (Feuerriegel & Neumann, 2016;Sepehr, Eghtedaei, Toolabimoghadam, Noorollahi, & Mohammadi, 2018). DSM has been defined as the planning, implementation, and monitoring of those utility activities designed to influence customer use of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility's load shape, i.e., changes in the time pattern and magnitude of a utility's load (de Almeida, Moura, Gellings, & Parmenter, 2007). Improving the energy efficiency of home appliances as a DSM strategy could play an important role for mitigating electricity demand and supply deficit at lower costs (Alasseri, Tripathi, Rao, & Sreekanth, 2017), particularly in Ghana where financial investment in power utilities is highly constrained (Kumi, 2017).…”