Distribution and concentration of urocortin, and effect of adrenalectomy on its content in rat hypothalamus

Osuga, Yutaka; Iwabuchi, Masayasu; Masuzawa, Masahiro; Watanabe, Fumie; Ozawa, Megumi; Iino, Kazumi; Tominaga, Tomoko; Takai, Yoshimi

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)01182-x

Cited by 77 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The sequencing of PCR products ascertains that their identities matched to the known sequences of rat Ucn 1, Ucn 2, and Ucn 3. Previous detection of Ucns at the peptide level indicates that the whole stomach contains higher levels of Ucn 1 compared with other viscera as monitored by radioimmunoassay (46). In addition, cellular localization of Ucn 1 immunoreactivity was found in the parietal cells of rat GC and human gastric mucosa (9,35), which is consistent with high gene expression observed in the glandular midportion of Ucn 1.…”

Section: Distribution Of Ucns In the Gc Of Naïve Ratssupporting

confidence: 78%

Urocortins and CRF type 2 receptor isoforms expression in the rat stomach are regulated by endotoxin: role in the modulation of delayed gastric emptying

Yuan

Taché

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Peripheral activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRF2) by urocortin 1, 2, or 3 (Ucns) exerts powerful effects on gastric function; however, little is known about their expression and regulation in the stomach. We investigated the expression of Ucns and CRF2 isoforms by RT-PCR in the gastric corpus (GC) mucosa and submucosa plus muscle (S+M) or laser captured layers in naive rats, their regulations by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/kg ip) over 24 h, and the effect of the CRF2 antagonist astresssin2-B (100 μg/kg sc) on LPS-induced delayed gastric emptying (GE) 2-h postinjection. Transcripts of Ucns and CRF2b, the most common wild-type CRF2 isoform in the periphery, were expressed in all layers, including myenteric neurons. LPS increased Ucn mRNA levels significantly in both mucosa and S+M, reaching a maximal response at 6 h postinjection and returning to basal levels at 24 h except for Ucn 1 in S+M. By contrast, CRF2b mRNA level was significantly decreased in the mucosa and M+S with a nadir at 6 h. In addition, CRF2a, reportedly only found in the brain, and the novel splice variant CRF2a-3 were also detected in the GC, antrum, and pylorus. LPS reciprocally regulated these variants with a decrease of CRF2a and an increase of CRF2a-3 in the GC 6 h postinjection. Astressin2-B exacerbated LPS-delayed GE (42–73%, P < 0.001). These data indicate that Ucn and CRF2 isoforms are widely distributed throughout the rat stomach and inversely regulated by immune stress. The CRF2 signaling system may act to counteract the early gastric motor alterations to endotoxemia.

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Section: Distribution Of Ucns In the Gc Of Naïve Ratssupporting

confidence: 78%

Urocortins and CRF type 2 receptor isoforms expression in the rat stomach are regulated by endotoxin: role in the modulation of delayed gastric emptying

Yuan

Taché

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…CRF-R2a are primarily located peripherally in the duodenum, skeletal muscle and perivascular cells of the heart , and centrally in the lateral septal nuclei and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (Lovenberg et al 1995). Urocortin has been localized in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, lateral superior olivary nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus (Bittencourt et al 1999) and pituitary (Oki et al 1998). Neither CRF-R1 nor CRF mRNA is abundant in these areas and they tend to be absent in diencephalic nuclei, except for the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Matthews et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine responses of ovariectomized ewes to i.c.v. infusion of urocortin

Holmberg

Morrison²,

Keisler

2001

Journal of Endocrinology

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Urocortin is a novel corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptide, first isolated from the rat midbrain, which has anorexigenic properties, possibly associated with its involvement in the stress axis. Urocortin has been implicated in blood pressure regulation, ACTH release and feed intake, but its role as an integral component of the reproduction-nutrition axis has not been examined. The present experiment was designed to determine the effects of i.c.v. infusion of urocortin on feed intake and endocrine profiles of LH, GH, IGF-I, cortisol and leptin in ovariectomized ewes. Ewes were fitted with two laterocerebroventricular cannulae and urocortin was continuously infused in a linearly increasing manner from 0·001 µg/h on day 0, to a maximum of 31·6 µg/h on day 5. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at 10 min intervals for 4 h on day 1, 3 and 5, and assayed by RIA for LH, GH, IGF-I, cortisol and leptin. All ewes were allowed free access to feed and water, and feed intake was recorded daily. Urocortin-infused ewes responded with a significant decrease in feed intake beginning on day 1 (P<0·02) and were aphagic for the remainder of the experiment. Serum concentrations of LH were elevated in individual samples from urocortin-treated compared with saline-treated ewes on day 3 (treatment day sample, P=0·05), but were not different on day 1 or 5. Mean serum concentrations of GH increased (P<0·04) over days with urocortin treatment, although concentrations of IGF-I were not influenced by treatment (P>0·5). Serum concentrations of cortisol were markedly increased by urocortin treatment (P<0·001). Leptin tended to be influenced by treatment and day (P=0·08), with leptin levels tending to be elevated in urocortin-treated vs salinetreated ewes on day 5 (P=0·08). The ability of urocortin to decrease feed intake while increasing LH, GH, cortisol and leptin provides evidence that urocortin is not only an integral component of the stress axis, but possibly of the nutrition-reproduction axis in sheep.

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“…Urocortin 1 is expressed in immune tissues, such as thymus and spleen [121][122][123], and immune cells, such as lymphocytes [96,97] and macrophages [92]. Urocortin 1 mRNA expression increased in thymus after immune activation by lipopolysaccharide in a corticosterone-dependent manner [121].…”

Section: Urocortins (Human Homologues Of Fish Urotensin-i)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Medicine in Fish-derived Peptides: From Fish Endocrinology to Human Physiology and Diseases

Takahashi

2004

Endocr J

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Abstract. Recent studies have revealed the importance of fish-derived peptide hormones to human endocrinology. These peptides include melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), urocortins (human urotensin-I), and urotensin-II. MCH, a hypothalamic peptide, is a potent stimulator on appetite. Urocortins, e.g. urocortin 1 and urocortin 3 (stresscopin), are endogenous ligands for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors, particularly CRF type 2 receptor, that mediates a vasodilator action, a positive inotropic action and a central appetite-inhibiting action. These actions mediated by CRF type 2 receptor may ameliorate the stress response. Human urotensin-II is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, while it acts as a vasodilator on some arteries. Human urotensin-II is expressed in various types of cells and tissues, including cardiovascular tissues, as well as many types of tumor cells. Thus, these fish-derived peptides appear to play important roles in human physiology, such as appetite regulation, stress response and cardiovascular regulation, and also in diseases, for example, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and tumors. Development of antagonists/agonists against the receptors for these peptides may open new strategies for the treatment of various diseases, including obesity-related diseases, hypertension, heart failure and malignant tumors. IN the last century, a large number of peptide hormones were discovered. Some of the novel peptides are produced and secreted by classically non-endocrine organs, such as brain, heart and vascular vessels [1], while some were originally discovered in non-mammalian species including fishes. The peptides produced by classically non-endocrine organs include hypothalamic hormones and various neuropeptides secreted by neurons [2-5], atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) by heart [6] and endothelins by vascular endothelium [7]. Some peptides appear to be ubiquitously expressed. For example, adrenomedullin, a vasodilator peptide discovered from pheochromocytoma tissue, is produced and secreted by various types of normal cells [1,8,9,10], such as fibroblasts [10], macrophages [10,11], glial cells [12] and retinal pigment epithelial cells [13,14], and by various tumor cells [1,[15][16][17][18][19]. Endothelin-1 is also ubiquitously expressed like adrenomedullin although it was originally isolated from aortic endothelial cells [7, 20, 21]. Thus, a large number of studies on hormones now aim not only at classical endocrine organs, but also at nonendocrine organs, such as cardiovascular organs.Another important aspect of the recent advances in peptide endocrinology is recognition of the importance of fish-derived hormones in human physiology and diseases. In this review, I will discuss three bioactive peptides: melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) [22], urotensin-I [23, 24] and urotensin-II [25, 26]. These three peptides were originally discovered in fishes, and are now recognized to have very important physiological roles in mammals including human. Furt...

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Distribution and concentration of urocortin, and effect of adrenalectomy on its content in rat hypothalamus

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Urocortins and CRF type 2 receptor isoforms expression in the rat stomach are regulated by endotoxin: role in the modulation of delayed gastric emptying

Urocortins and CRF type 2 receptor isoforms expression in the rat stomach are regulated by endotoxin: role in the modulation of delayed gastric emptying

Endocrine responses of ovariectomized ewes to i.c.v. infusion of urocortin

Translational Medicine in Fish-derived Peptides: From Fish Endocrinology to Human Physiology and Diseases

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