Distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among students attending secondary and preparatory schools in Bote town, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia

Abstract

Knowledge of distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups is helpful for effective management of blood banks and safe blood transfusion services. The prevalence of these blood groups varies worldwide and may not be found in equal numbers even among ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to find out the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among students attending high schools in Bote town, Ethiopia from March-April 2017. Blood samples were taken from 392 (N = 775) volunteer students from finger-pricks and blood groups were determined on open slide by haemagglutination method using commercially available anti-sera A, B, and Rh (D). Descriptive statistics was used to calculate percentage frequencies of blood phenotype. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the blood groups were calculated from the observed phenotypes under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the ABO system, type O was the most prevalent (41.3%) followed by A (31.9%), B (21.4%) and AB the least (5.4%), in the pattern O > A > B > AB. Most of the students were found to be Rh+ (92.86%). Regarding the combined ABO/Rh blood groups, O+ was the most prevalent (38%), A+ (30%), B+ (20%) and AB+ (5%) and O-was also the most frequent (3%) among Rh-negative (Rh-) students. The allelic frequencies of O (r), A (p) and B (q), D and d were 0.64, 0.21, 0.15, 0.73 and 0.27, respectively. Genotypic frequency of I O I O was the most (0.413) frequent while that of I B I B was the least (0.021) while DD and dd were 53.3 and 7.3, respectively. The observed and expected frequencies of individuals having ABO and Rh blood were not significantly different in both blood systems (goodness-of-fit χ 2 for ABO = 0.4729, df = 3 and χ 2 for Rh = 0.0145, df = 1; P < 0.05). The present study gives vital information regarding the management of blood bank and transfusion services in the community.

Influence of ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Lagos, southwest Nigeria

“…The less severe T2DM cases among type O and A positive suggest that the relatively high prevalence of T2DM among blood groups O and A positive could mean the two blood groups are protective. According to Fufa and Debelo (2019), the dominance of group O blood could indicate its resistance or protection from diseases, an evolutionary success. Furthermore, non-O blood group individuals often express rs505922 variant at the ABO locus (9q34), which predisposes them to pancreatic cancers and other diabetes-related complications (Amundadottir et al 2009;Farias et al 2020).…”

“…Overall, these showed that ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics can provide preliminary data for managing an individual's health as well as determine the distribution of diseases in a population. However, demographic characteristics and the distribution of ABO blood groups vary worldwide, even among ethnic groups (Fufa and Debelo 2019). Therefore, to effectively use ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics to predict and manage a disease, there is a need to determine the distribution of the two factors among individuals suffering from the disease in the population.…”

Literatur review pengembangan bahan ajar UKBM pada materi sistem peredaran darah manusia

“…Because this difference is caused by the presence or absence of protein molecules called antigens and antibodies which can be observed using tools that apply the laws of physics (Amsalu et al, 2019).…”

Distribution of ABO-Rh Blood Group System Among the Students at Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan

“…This discovery, crucial for the safe practice of blood transfusions, remains a cornerstone in blood banking over a century later, emphasizing the vital importance of blood type determination to prevent adverse reactions and fatalities (2,3). The Rhesus system, identified in 1939 and further elucidated in subsequent years, further complements the understanding of human blood group systems (4,5). The ABO system classifies human blood into four primary groups -A, B, AB, and O -based on the presence of specific antigens and agglutinins (6,7).…”

“…In Western Europe, the distribution is 46% for type O, 42% for type A, 9% for type B, and 3% for type AB. A study in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, involving 7,653 participants, revealed that 50% had blood type O, 22.9% type A, 21.3% type B, and 5.9% type AB (2,3,5,11). These variations underscore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on blood type distribution and necessitate localized studies to understand these dynamics better (12,13).…”