Distribution of lesion nematodes associated with maize in Kenya and susceptibility of maize cultivars to &lt;i&gt;Pratylenchus&lt;/i&gt; zeae

Kimenju, J. W.; Waudo, S. W.; Mwang’ombe, A. W.; Sikora, R. A.; Schuster, R. P.

doi:10.4314/acsj.v6i4.27788

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Research on the staple food crops of an area and awareness of nematode problems in the local farming communities are limited. However, the limited data available in ESA (addressing this weakness is one of the major keys to ameliorating the problem) indicate that PPN are widespread and cause significant losses in bananas, maize, yam, vegetables and fruit crops . The examples and discussions presented here have been selected to demonstrate that nematodes are frequently a limiting factor on a wide range of crops commonly grown in ESA, with particular focus given to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Nematode Problems On Key Staple and Economically Important Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural nematology in East and Southern Africa: problems, management strategies and stakeholder linkages

Talwana

Sibanda²,

Wanjohi

et al. 2015

Pest. Manag. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By 2050, Africa's population is projected to exceed 2 billion. Africa will have to increase food production more than 50% in the coming 50 years to meet the nutritional requirements of its growing population. Nowhere is the need to increase agricultural productivity more pertinent than in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is currently static or declining. Optimal pest management will be essential, because intensification of any system creates heightened selection pressures for pests. Plant-parasitic nematodes and their damage potential are intertwined with intensified systems and can be an indicator of unsustainable practices. As soil pests, nematodes are commonly overlooked or misdiagnosed, particularly where appropriate expertise and knowledge transfer systems are meager or inadequately funded. Nematode damage to roots results in less efficient root systems that are less able to access nutrients and water, which can produce symptoms typical of water or nutrient deficiency, leading to misdiagnosis of the underlying cause. Damage in subsistence agriculture is exacerbated by growing crops on degraded soils and in areas of low water retention where strong root growth is vital. This review focuses on the current knowledge of economically important nematode pests affecting key crops, nematode control methods and the research and development needs for sustainable management, stakeholder involvement and capacity building in the context of crop security in East and Southern Africa, especially Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

show abstract

Section: Nematode Problems On Key Staple and Economically Important Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural nematology in East and Southern Africa: problems, management strategies and stakeholder linkages

Talwana

Sibanda²,

Wanjohi

et al. 2015

Pest. Manag. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These yield losses have continued unabated in subsistent farming systems due to low feasibility of conventional nematode management practices such as resistance, crop rotation, fallowing and use of nematicides. So far no resistant cultivars have been identified among existing maize germplasm in Kenya (Kimenju et al 1998;Arim et al 2002). While small land sizes make crop rotation and fallowing impractical, high costs and associated environmental hazards limit the use of nematicides on low value crops such as maize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pratylenchus zeae, a lesion nematode, is the most economically important nematode causing up to 50% yield losses in heavily infested fields (Kimenju et al 1998;Waceke et al 2002). These yield losses have continued unabated in subsistent farming systems due to low feasibility of conventional nematode management practices such as resistance, crop rotation, fallowing and use of nematicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens intercrops on Pratylenchus zeae damage and yield of maize in subsistence agriculture

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Host status of four leguminous cover crops [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. (Jack bean), Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don (Sunnhemp), Lablab purpureus L. (Hyacinth bean) and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (velvet bean)] to Pratylenchus zeae Filipjev and effects of intercropping C. ensiformis and M.pruriens with Pan5195, H627 and Emap11 maize cultivars on P. zeae population and disease severity on maize were determined in greenhouse and field tests. Pratylenchus zeae significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth of C. ochroleuca by 36% but had no effect on C. ensiformis, M. pruriens and L. purpureus. While C. ensiformis, M. pruriens and L. purpureus reduced P. zeae population, C. ochroleuca increased it. In the greenhouse test, intercropping maize with C. ensiformis significantly (P < 0.05) improved maize growth by up to 34%, Nematode populations in the roots of maize intercropped with either C. ensiformis or M. pruriens were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by up to 32% while nematode disease severity in these intercropping systems was reduced by up to 26%. In the field test, intercropping Emap11, Pan5195 and H627 with C. ensiformis significantly (P < 0.05) increased maize grain yield by 190, 29 and 22%, respectively. Intercropping H627 with M. pruriens significantly (P < 0.05) increased maize grain yield by 12%, but grain yields of Pan5195 and Emap11 declined by 79 and 40%, respectively. Root necrosis and soil nematode populations in the C. ensiformis-maize intercrop declined by up to 50 and 30%, respectively. Under pure maize stands, soil nematode populations increased by up to 35% in 90 days relative to the initial nematode population of three nematodes g )1 of fresh soil.

show abstract

“…This information would be useful for selection of lines for hybrid development and appropriate breeding procedure. Nevertheless, some nematologists have screened maize genotypes for resistance to the P. zeae and have been able to identify some resistant genotypes (Kimenju et al 1998;Oyekanmi et al 2007). This is a good starting point for breeding work in terms of understanding the genetics of this resistance and later incorporating the resistance into elite maize lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nematodes cause substantial grain yield loss in susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. This study was conducted to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and genetic effects associated with nematode resistance in maize. The 30 F 1 hybrids generated from a 6 9 6 diallel and two local checks were evaluated in 2009 at three sites in Uganda. A split plot design was used with nematode treatments serving as whole plots and the hybrids as subplots but arranged in an 8 9 4 spatially adjusted alphalattice design. The experiment was replicated three times. Results showed GCA to be important for the reduction of P. zeae and Meloidogyne spp. densities and increase of root mass, with a contribution of 72 to 93% of the phenotypic variance. Inbreds MP709 and CML206 had the highest GCA for Pratylenchus zeae resistance, whereas for grain yield, it was CML444, CML312 and CML395 that were outstanding. The SCA influenced plant height and grain yield under nematode infestation, contributing 43 and 58% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Observed reciprocal differences due to maternal effects also played a role in influencing the grain yield under nematode infestation. Overdominance genetic effects explained the non-additive variance recorded for the plant height, grain yield, number of root lesions, and P. zeae and Meloidogyne spp. densities under nematode infestation. The parents MP709, CML206, 5057, and CML444 contributed most of the dominant genes for the P. zeae resistance in all their crosses. The parent CML444 contributed most of the dominant genes for improved grain yield in all of its crosses. The high GCA effects among some parents support their utility in breeding of widely adapted nematode-resistant cultivars. The dominant genes and SCA effects would favour pedigree and various sib tests to improve grain yield under nematode pressure.

show abstract

Distribution of lesion nematodes associated with maize in Kenya and susceptibility of maize cultivars to <i>Pratylenchus</i> zeae

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Agricultural nematology in East and Southern Africa: problems, management strategies and stakeholder linkages

Agricultural nematology in East and Southern Africa: problems, management strategies and stakeholder linkages

Effects of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens intercrops on Pratylenchus zeae damage and yield of maize in subsistence agriculture

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About