Distribution of selected heavy metals and rare earth elements in surficial sediments from the polish sector of the Vistula Lagoon

Szefer, Piotr; Glasby, G. P.; Stüben, Doris; Kusak, A.; Gel̵don, J.; Berner, Zsolt; Neumann, Thomas; Warzocha, Jan

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00208-8

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…EF is used to estimate anomalous enrichments of a given element, caused either by an anthropogenic input to the environment or by natural processes (Hakanson 1980;Szefer et al 1999;Queralt et al 1999Audry et al 2004Grosbois et al 2006). To this respect, it must be remarked that the equation was established to evaluate "pollution" in the sense of the introduction of a given element into the environment, which causes harm to the system and/or the organisms therein.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this equation has been extensively used to evaluate "contamination", in the sense of a given element in the environment above the expected thresholds (Abu-Rukah and Ghrefat 2001; Wang et al 2008). According to Szefer et al (1999), EF values around 1.0 suggest that the element comes from geogenic sources, whereas an EF much higher than 1.0 suggests anthropogenic sources. Tuncel et al (2007) proposed a higher threshold considering that, in order to distinguish anthropogenic inputs from natural sources for a given element, EF values should be at least 10 or greater, when using the crustal abundances.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns River, NW Spain)

Rey¹,

Dı́az-Fierros²,

Barral³

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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The metals distribution in the bed sediments of the Anllóns River was studied, with special emphasis on the evaluation of the metal distribution as a function of the granulometric fraction chosen for the analysis. Statistical significant differences between the distribution of K, Ca, Cr, Mn, As, Rb, Sr and Nb in the bulk (<2 mm) and fine fraction (<63 μm) were not found. Fe, Ni, Cu, Ga, Zr, Zn and Pb commonly appear in higher concentrations in the fine fraction, whereas Ti appears in higher concentrations in the bulk fraction. In general, it was observed that contamination phenomena tend to equalise the concentrations of both fractions, and this was mainly explained as the result of two processes. First, the formation of coatings over sands and, second, the formation of large aggregates (pseudo-sands) at sites located over basic rocks, whose chemical behaviour is closer to that of clays and could be responsible for significant adsorption processes. Normalisation techniques to evaluate contamination were applied by testing Nb, Sr, Rb or Ga as normaliser elements and by using crustal or shale average values for background concentrations. The most satisfactory result was obtained when using shale average values and Ga as the normaliser element. Arsenic was identified as the main contaminant of the basin, exceeding in all cases the low-effect reference values proposed by sediment quality guidelines and in two cases the medium-effect reference values. These sites were identified by multivariate techniques, which allow differentiating site 10 as affected by anthropogenic inputs related to past mining activities.

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Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns River, NW Spain)

Rey¹,

Dı́az-Fierros²,

Barral³

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The EF supposes a double normalization, where the reference element acts as a normalizer with respect to the lithology, as it must correlates with the clay content and sediment texture in the absence of contamination and, on the other hand, the background values act as normalizers with respect to the baseline concentrations. According to Szefer et al (1999), EF values around 1.0 suggest that the element comes from geogenic sources, whereas an EF much higher than 1.0 suggests anthropogenic sources. Tuncel et al (2007) proposed a higher threshold considering that, in order to distinguish anthropogenic inputs from natural sources for a given element, EF values should be at least 10 or greater, when using the crustal abundances.…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the degree of contamination and evolution in the last 100 years of the composition of the bed sediments of the Anllóns Basin

Rey¹,

Barral²,

Jouanneau

et al. 2010

Environ Earth Sci

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In this study, five cores of the Anllóns River bed sediments were analyzed in order to evaluate the downcore and downstream variations in their chemical composition. The first step was the evaluation of the metal distribution in the bulk (\2 mm) and fine fractions (\63 lm). The analysis revealed that most of the metals followed the same trend in both fractions, although the fine fraction presented usually higher concentrations. However, the concentration of both fractions tended to equalize with increasing contamination. No general increase was observed in the metal concentrations toward the surface which could be attributed to recent anthropogenic contributions. Instead, the distributions were homogeneous or peaked at various depths downcore. The most important historical feature was observed at the mouth of the river, at 96-cm depth, corresponding to the end of the eighteenth century. Upcore increased metal concentrations in parallel with increased fine fraction occurred from this depth, which were attributed to a bridge construction and consequent changes in sediment dynamics. As the metal concentrations can be influenced by variations in texture or other sediment characteristics, the second step was to evaluate the efficiency of several normalized indexes in the assessment of the degree of contamination, by calculating the enrichment factor (EF), the geoaccumulation index (I GEO ) and the pollution load index (PLI). The EFs obtained were \10, thus revealing little anthropogenic inputs to the basin. The I GEO produced higher values when compared with the EFs. Instead of absolute EF or I GEO absolute values, the use of cumulative probability plots allowed identifying more accurately potential outliers indicating contamination. Only one population was identified for Zn and Pb, with a reduced number of outliers at the highest concentrations for Pb. As shown, a more complex plot with the outliers identified at C4 and C5. Finally, the PLI allowed determining the absence of a significant contamination in the bed sediments. The bioavailable and non-geogenic fractions contribute up to a 90% of the total concentrations in the case of As and Cu, and showed similar (dissimilar) profiles in comparison with total metals. Also, the quality guidelines were surpassed, so the high solubility of As, Zn, Pb and Ni in the sediments revealed the need to monitor the bed sediment quality of the Anllóns River.

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“…Fe has very strong correlation with other oxides which have a higher affinity with most elements, especially for trace elements, and that the organic matter contents are important for controlling factors in the abundance of trace metals [74,75]. The results of correlation matrix of each core sample indicate that a significant fraction of the trace metal is found co-precipitated with or adsorbed on to Fe and Mn geochemical phases controlling the trace metals in sediments which may be attributed to their large surface area, extensive cation exchange capacity and widespread availability [76]. This is supported by strong significant positive correlation between Cr and Mn (r = 0.99, p < 0.05) in both the cores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Core Sediments from Tropical Mangrove Region of Tamil Nadu: Implications on Trace Metals

Kalaivanan¹,

Jayaprakash²,

Nethaji³

et al. 2017

J Earth Sci Clim Change

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The present study aims to determine the concentrations of certain trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Ba, Sr, V and Rb) and to identify the possible sources of the trace metals with multivariate analyses and assess the metal contamination using the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I geo ) from the two core samples taken from Pichavaram lagoon. Pichavaram mangrove is a dynamic intertidal environment lying in between Vellar and Coleroon estuaries in Cauvery delta along the east coast of India. High OM in the present study is noted in both core samples which are mainly controlled by productivity and sediment texture. The increase of trace metals concentrations was observed at lower intersects which indicates that the trace metals were reprecipitated around the redox boundaries.Further it signifies that the enrichment of metals in C1 core sample is closely related to the diagenetic. Factor 1 with significant positive loadings on Mud and good loadings on Fe and Mn suggests the associations of these metals with finer sediment fractions and aluminosilicates. These elements to be enriched in the clay fraction in both core samples. They are mainly related to anthropogenic inputs and reflect the complexing nature of the organic matter. I geo studies confirm the contamination of the study area. Overall the study highlights significant anthropogenic contributions in terms of heavy metal pollution. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Pichavaram sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization.

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Distribution of selected heavy metals and rare earth elements in surficial sediments from the polish sector of the Vistula Lagoon

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns River, NW Spain)

Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns River, NW Spain)

Analysis of the degree of contamination and evolution in the last 100 years of the composition of the bed sediments of the Anllóns Basin

Geochemistry of Core Sediments from Tropical Mangrove Region of Tamil Nadu: Implications on Trace Metals

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