Distribution of Vibrionaceae in farmed Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer in Thailand and their high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

This study describes the etiological agent of Vibriosis along with its distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles among farmed Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) in Thailand. The study isolated 283 Vibrionaceae from 15 Asian sea bass farms located around the provinces of the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand coasts to uncover the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Bacterial identification based on a combination of the biochemical characteristics, Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and the species‐specific PCR demonstrated the predominant Vibrionaceae were Vibrio harveyi (n = 56), Photobacterium damselae (n = 35), and V. vulnificus (n = 31), respectively. According to a laboratory challenge experiment, among the six isolates, only V. harveyi was found to cause clinical signs of muscle necrosis and scale loss in Asian sea bass. Antibiotics resistance test results exhibited high resistance to antibiotics such as metronidazole (100%), streptomycin (97%), clindamycin (96%), colistin sulphate (70%) and amoxicillin (59%). Remarkably, 100% of Vibrionaceae isolates are susceptible to florfenicol. The 28 of 29 resistance profiles were multidrug resistances (MDR), with V. vulnificus having the highest MAR value (0.66). The findings of this study advise that a surveillance program, as well as preventive and control measures, be developed for Vibrionaceae to reduce production loss, pathogen proliferation, and antibiotic abuse, whereas AMR data indicate substantial health problems for aquatic animals and humans.

Review of current perspectives and future outlook on bacterial disease prevention through vaccination in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

“…Infections have been documented in numerous regions, including Singapore (Cheong et al, 1983), Thailand (Raharjo et al, 2022(Raharjo et al, , 2023, the Philippines (Tendencia, 2002), India (Krupesha Sharma et al, 2012), and Malaysia (Ransangan et al, 2012). Vibriosis outbreaks primarily impact juvenile fish and may lead to heavy mortality rates (Raharjo et al, 2022;Tendencia, 2002). Clinical signs of vibriosis include abnormal swimming behaviour, opaque eyes, exophthalmia, and abdominal reddening (Tendencia, 2002).…”

“…Infections have been documented in numerous regions, including Singapore (Cheong et al., 1983), Thailand (Raharjo et al., 2022, 2023), the Philippines (Tendencia, 2002), India (Krupesha Sharma et al., 2012), and Malaysia (Ransangan et al., 2012). Vibriosis outbreaks primarily impact juvenile fish and may lead to heavy mortality rates (Raharjo et al., 2022; Tendencia, 2002). Clinical signs of vibriosis include abnormal swimming behaviour, opaque eyes, exophthalmia, and abdominal reddening (Tendencia, 2002).…”

Low salinity activates a virulence program in the generalist marine pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae

“…Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (hereafter Pdd ), formerly known as Vibrio damsela , is a member of the Vibrionaceae that has been isolated in marine ecosystems from diverse sources such as coastal ocean waters ( 14 ), sediment ( 15 ), shellfish ( 16 ), marine bird droppings ( 17 ), digestive tract of whales ( 18 ), fish and shrimp intestines ( 19 , 20 ), and internal organs of apparently healthy fish ( 21 , 22 ). It is also a strong histamine-producing bacterium commonly isolated from the retailed fish ( 23 ).…”

Effects of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Extract Loaded in Nanoemulsion on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas veronii Infection

“…In tilapia farms, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics have been used to treat the disease. On the other hand, the overuse of antibiotics and chemical antimicrobial agents leads to antibiotic resistance, fish farming pollution, and consumer reluctance [9,10]. In recent years, plant extracts [11][12][13], probiotics, and prebiotics [14,15] have been considered as alternatives for treating diseases in Nile tilapia caused by A. veronii.…”