Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of the mammalian secretin cell

Larsson, Lars‐Inge; Sundler, F.; Alumets, J.; Håkanson, R.; Muckadell, Ove B Schaffalitzky de; Fahrenkrug, Jan

doi:10.1007/bf00223111

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In most species, secretin cells are present in highest abundance in the proximal small intestine and decrease distally in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. Secretin cells are found in villi and zones of transition between villi and crypts of the intestinal epithelium (25). In the rat, Northern (RNA blot) analysis confirmed that the small intestine was the primary site of secretin gene expression (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Identification of a transcriptional enhancer important for enteroendocrine and pancreatic islet cell-specific expression of the secretin gene.

Wheeler¹,

Nishitani²,

Buchan³

et al. 1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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It is well established that the gene encoding the hormone secretin is expressed in a specific enteroendocrine cell, the S cell. We now show that the secretin gene is transiently expressed in insulin-producing B cells of the developing pancreatic islets in addition to the intestine. Furthermore, secretin is produced by most established islet cell lines. In order to identify and characterize the regulatory elements within the secretin gene that control tissue-specific expression, we have introduced secretin reporter gene constructions into the secretin-producing HIT

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mentioning

confidence: 80%

Identification of a transcriptional enhancer important for enteroendocrine and pancreatic islet cell-specific expression of the secretin gene.

Wheeler¹,

Nishitani²,

Buchan³

et al. 1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…The 28 amino acid peptide VIP is presumed to occur in neurones in the gut and pancreas and it has been suggested to be a neurotransmitter [10][11][12][13] amino acid peptide secretin has been shown to occur in endocrine cells in the small intestine [14]. Chemically VIP and secretin resemble glucagon and GIP, and these polypeptides have been grouped in one family [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and gastrin on insulin secretion in the mouse

Åhrén

Lundquist

1981

Diabetologia

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Summary. The in vivo effects of vasoactive intestinal potypeptide (VIP), secretin and two different molecular forms of gastrin, gastrin 17 and pentagastrin, on basal and stimulated insulin secretion have been investigated in the mouse. All these peptides induced a moderate dose-dependent increase in basal insulin secretion. The different polypeptides showed complex effects on insulin release stimulated by glucose, the chotinergic agonist carbachol or the ,6-adrenergic agonist L-isop~opylnor.adrenaline (L-IPNA), these effects being dependent on the nature of the secretagogue. VIP and secretin both potenti 7 ated glucose-induced insulin release. Seeretin inhibited insulin secretion induced by caibachol and L-IPNA, whereas VIP potentiated L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion and had no influence on the effect of carbachol. Gastrin 17 and pentagastrin did not affect glucose-or carbachol-induced insulin release, whereas they inhibited L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that VIP, secretin and gastrin display their effects on insulin secretion through different mechanisms. The results indirectly suggest the existence of separate insulin secretory pathways which operate differently, or at least partly differently, after glucose stimulation, cholinergie stimulation, and fl-adrenergic stimulation.Key words: VIP, secretin, gastrin, basal insulin secretion, stimulated insulin secretion, cholinergic stimulation, fl-adrenergic stimulation, glucose stimulation, in vivo, mouse.Several gastrointestinal endocrine polypeptides are known to affect insulin secretion [1,2]. Oral intake of glucose is followed by a greater insulin release than IV glucose administration, despite a lower blood glucose level. This potentiated response seems to be due to the release of gastro-intestinal peptides, the socalled incretin effect [3]. Peptides produced by intrapancreatic cells, endocrine and neural, may also regulate insulin secretion by a paracrine effect [4]. Some of these polypeptides show similarities in chemical structure and can therefore be grouped into two families [5], the glucagon family including glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and the gastrin family including cfiolecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin.Recently it was demonstrated that some of the newly discovered gastrointestinal polypeptides interfere with the insulin secretory mechanisms in a complex manner, the effects on stimulated insulin secretion being highly dependent on the nature of the secretagogue [6]. The aim of the present investigation was to characterise further the effect of gastrointestinal polypeptides on basal and stimulated insulin release, and to compare effects of peptides belonging to the same polypeptide family with each other and with members of the other family. For this purpose we selected VIP and secretin on one hand and two different molecular forms of gastrin on the other. The in vivo insulin-releasing properties of these polypeptides were investigated under identical experim...

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“…Our antibodies could not visualize secretin-immunoreactive cells. This was proba bly caused by the fixative technique used in the present study [36],…”

Section: Fig 3 Photograph O F Duodenal Sections Showing Serotonin-imentioning

confidence: 98%

Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Modulates Serotonin-and Gastrin/CCK-lmmunoreactive Cells in the Duodenal Mucosa of the Rat

et al. 1997

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Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were given placebo or prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) at 25 or 5,000 μg/kg or 15, R,15-methyl-PGE₂ (MePGE₂) at 5 or 50 μg/ kg, twice daily, orally, for 1 month. Histological sections from the proximal duodenum were processed for immunohistochemistry and the volume density of immunoreactive endocrine cells was determined using point-counting grids. The surface density of the villous lining was estimated by using a cycloid test system. Thereafter, the total volumes of endocrine cells and the total surface area of the villous lining were calculated after estimating the mucosal volume. The volume density of serotonin-immunoreactive cells was increased in the duodenum of rats given 25 or 5,000 μg/kg PGE₂ (p < 0.05). The total volume of these cells increased in the animals given 25 μg/kg PGE₂ (p < 0.05). The total volume of gastrin/CCK-immunoreactive cells was higher in rats given 25 μg/kg PGE₂ or 50 μg/kg MePGE₂ than in controls (p < 0.05). The volume density of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells increased in rats given 5 μg/kg MePGE₂, but the total volumes were not different between the groups. The area of somatostatin-immunoreactive cell profiles was enlarged in the animals given 5,000 μg/kg PGE₂ (p < 0.05). The mucosal volume was enlarged by prostaglandins. The epithelial thickness increased in rats given the highest doses of PGE₂ (p < 0.05). The concentration of motilin-like immunoreactivity increased in the duodenum of rats given 5 μg/kg MePGE₂ (p < 0.05). We conclude that oral administration of PGE₂ for 1 month increased the total volumes of serotonin- and gastrin-CCK-immunoreactive cells and the tissue concentration of motilin-like immunoreactivity, which indicates that prostaglandins modulate endocrine cells in a stable steady-state condition.

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Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of the mammalian secretin cell

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of a transcriptional enhancer important for enteroendocrine and pancreatic islet cell-specific expression of the secretin gene.

Identification of a transcriptional enhancer important for enteroendocrine and pancreatic islet cell-specific expression of the secretin gene.

Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and gastrin on insulin secretion in the mouse

Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Modulates Serotonin-and Gastrin/CCK-lmmunoreactive Cells in the Duodenal Mucosa of the Rat

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