“…A three‐year study revealed an exceptionally high species richness of soil Collembola in Silická ľadnica Ice Cave, specifically 129 species within a very small area of 351 m 2 , and the presence of diverse microrefugia for many endemic and climatic relict taxa, such as cold‐adapted (psychrophilic) species with montane, disjunctive boreo‐montane and arctic–alpine distribution ranges (Raschmanová, Miklisová, et al, 2018). Generally, cave entrances represent dynamic environments with characteristic microclimate fluctuations (e.g., Mammola et al, 2017; Moldovan et al, 2018; Raschmanová, Šustr, et al, 2018) and are also considered to be functional ecotones for epigean (surface) and subterranean systems, revealing high local diversity and endemism of arthropods (Culver, 2005; Culver & Poulson, 1970; Kozel et al, 2019; Mammola et al, 2017; Papáč et al, 2019; Prous et al, 2004, 2015; Raschmanová, Miklisová, et al, 2018; Yao et al, 2016). Furthermore, the specific conditions of permanently cold habitats (near the floor ice) at the cave entrance may enhance speciation and diversity of arthropod communities, including cryptic taxa (Raschmanová et al, 2017).…”