Diverse and highly recombinant anelloviruses associated with Weddell seals in Antarctica

Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Burns, Jennifer M.; Kim, Stacy; Kraberger, Simona; Frankfurter, Greg; Eilers, A. A.; Shero, Michelle R.; Beltran, Roxanne S.; Kirkham, Amy L.; McCorkell, Robert; Berngartt, Rachel K.; Male, Maketalena F.; Ballard, Grant; Ainley, David G.; Breitbart, Mya; Varsani, Arvind

doi:10.1093/ve/vex017

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The same may be true for the AVs, as human and non-human primate AV isolates cluster phylogenetically (Fahsbender et al . 2017 ), similar to clustering among human and primate HPVs (Van Doorslaer 2013 ). This suggests that Anelloviridae is an ancient virus family, and millions of years of evolution have led to the current genetic diversity.…”

Section: Infection Cycle Of Avs: Genome Replication and Protein Synthmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Recombination is also mentioned as an explanation since full length TTV genomes indeed show signs of recombination (Worobey 2000 ; Fahsbender et al . 2017 ). Although interesting, the presence of recombination events between strains cannot easily explain the huge variation among human AVs visible today.…”

Section: Infection Cycle Of Avs: Genome Replication and Protein Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome

Kaczorowska

Hoek

2020

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

117

140

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Anelloviruses are small, single stranded circular DNA viruses. They are extremely diverse and have not been associated with any disease so far. Strikingly, these small entities infect most probably the complete human population, and there are no convincing examples demonstrating viral clearance from infected individuals. The main transmission could be via fecal-oral or airway route, as infections occur at an early age. However, due to the lack of an appropriate culture system, the virus–host interactions remain enigmatic. Anelloviruses are obviously mysterious viruses, and their impact on human life is not yet known, but, with no evidence of a disease association, a potential beneficial effect on human health should also be investigated.

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Section: Infection Cycle Of Avs: Genome Replication and Protein Synthmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Infection Cycle Of Avs: Genome Replication and Protein Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome

Kaczorowska

Hoek

2020

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

117

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The downy sibling was still present, guarded by a parent. Three days after the disappearance of the affected chick, the nest site was vacant, and a sample of guano was collected from the nest into a 1.5 mL tube and stored/transported at~4 • C. Viral DNA was extracted from the guano as previously described for Antarctic samples handled by our team [9,33,34]. Briefly,~1 g of guano was resuspended in 1 mL of SM buffer (0.1 M NaCl, 50 mM Tris/HCl at pH 7.4, 10 mM MgSO 4 ) and homogenized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica)

Morandini

Dugger

Ballard

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018–2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014–2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018–2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins.

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“…As part of a viral discovery project, 40 individual cloacal swabs were collected in 2012 from adult ashy storm-petrels inhabiting the Farallon Islands and stored in RNAlater and guanidinium-isothiocyanate buffer. A 100-µl aliquot from each sample was used for viral DNA extraction as previously described ( 4 , 5 ), and circular molecules were enriched by rolling-circle amplification using TempliPhi 100 amplification (GE Healthcare, USA). The resulting DNA was used to construct a 2 × 150-bp library using the Illumina TruSeq Nano DNA library prep kit and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform at Macrogen, Inc. (South Korea).…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%