Diversification of winter grain crops in the middle Volga region of Russia

Abstract

To determine the prospects for the use of new winter crops (triticale, barley) in addition to traditional crops (winter wheat and winter rye) in order to diversify the winter wedge, studies were conducted on the basis of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture and the Samara State Agricultural Academy from 2004 to 2018. Weather conditions over the years of study were characterized by high contrast. The effect of various ratios of wheat and triticale flour on the quality of bread was studied. When conducting test baking, the best quality bread is obtained from a mixture: wheat flour 50% and triticale flour 50%. As a result of breeding work, two varieties of winter triticale Krokha, Kapella are zoned, and two varieties (Spica, Arktur) are in the state variety test. It has been established that the limiting factor affecting the formation of the yield of winter barley grain in the Middle Volga region is the low temperature at the depth of the tillering node. The years are determined, characterized by favorable and unfavorable conditions for the wintering of winter barley. The best for wintering in the Middle Volga region is a variety of winter barley Zhiguli. When fertilizer was applied, winter barley formed a higher yield (2.03…4.80 t/ha) compared to winter wheat and triticale.