Diversity and extinction in the Cenozoic history of Caribbean reefs

Budd, Ann F.

doi:10.1007/s003380050222

Cited by 168 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The long-term viability under continued climate change of these populations is, therefore, uncertain. Many species of reef-building coral are long-lived and have endured major oscillations in temperature over geological time (Budd 2000). The significant warming or cooling of SSTs, which corresponded to the endings and/or beginnings of the last few geological periods, may have initiated major rearrangements in hostsymbiont partnerships (LaJeunesse 2005) and explains why many distantly related hosts harbour closely related symbionts and vice versa (Rowan & Powers 1991;LaJeunesse 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–symbiont recombination versus natural selection in the response of coral–dinoflagellate symbioses to environmental disturbance

et al. 2010

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Mutualisms between reef-building corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are particularly sensitive to environmental stress, yet the ecosystems they construct have endured major oscillations in global climate. During the winter of 2008, an extreme cold-water event occurred in the Gulf of California that bleached corals in the genus Pocillopora harbouring a thermally ‘sensitive’ symbiont, designated Symbiodinium C1b-c , while colonies possessing Symbiodinium D1 were mostly unaffected. Certain bleached colonies recovered quickly while others suffered partial or complete mortality. In most colonies, no appreciable change was observed in the identity of the original symbiont, indicating that these partnerships are stable. During the initial phases of recovery, a third species of symbiont B1 Aiptasia , genetically identical to that harboured by the invasive anemone, Aiptasia sp., grew opportunistically and was visible as light-yellow patches on the branch tips of several colonies. However, this symbiont did not persist and was displaced in all cases by C1b-c several months later. Colonies with D1 were abundant at inshore habitats along the continental eastern Pacific, where seasonal turbidity is high relative to offshore islands. Environmental conditions of the central and southern coasts of Mexico were not sufficient to explain the exclusivity of D1 Pocillopora in these regions. It is possible that mass mortalities associated with major thermal disturbances during the 1997–1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation eliminated C1b-c holobionts from these locations. The differential loss of Pocillopora holobionts in response to thermal stress suggests that natural selection on existing variation can cause rapid and significant shifts in the frequency of particular coral–algal partnerships. However, coral populations may take decades to recover following episodes of severe selection, thereby raising considerable uncertainty about the long-term viability of these communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–symbiont recombination versus natural selection in the response of coral–dinoflagellate symbioses to environmental disturbance

et al. 2010

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“…For example, when a lineage occurs in the IWP, East Atlantic, and East Pacific but is absent from the West Atlantic, the most parsimonious explanation, given what is known about Cenozoic extinctions in the Americas (86)(87)(88)(89), is that it became extinct in the West Atlantic. Such ''apparent extinctions'' are significantly elevated in lineages with restricted dispersal and small ranges as well as those from coral reefs and tropical latitudes (29).…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of biodiversity and endemism on Indo-West Pacific coral reefs

Reaka

Rodgers

Kudla

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Diversity of the primary groups of contemporary Indo-West Pacific coral reef organisms, including mantis shrimps (stomatopod crustaceans), peaks in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA), reaches a lower peak in East Africa and Madagascar [Indian Ocean continental (IOC)], and declines in the central Indian Ocean (IO) and Central Pacific (CP). Percent endemism in stomatopods (highest in the IAA, high in the IOC, lower in regions adjacent to centers, and moderate in the CP) correlates positively with species diversity (this varies with scale) and inversely with species body size. Because it constrains reproductive traits and dispersal, body size is a reliable indicator of speciation and extinction potential in reef stomatopods and probably most marine organisms. Assemblages are dominated by small-sized species in the IAA and IOC. Both speciation and extinction likely are high, resulting in especially high endemism (small ranges reflect both originating and disappearing species) in these regions. Rates of speciation exceed extinction, yielding centers of diversity (especially in the IAA). Dispersal slows speciation and extinction in areas adjacent to these centers. Body size declines toward the CP, especially in atoll environments. Here the wheels of speciation and extinction again spin rapidly but in the opposite direction (extinction > speciation), yielding low diversity and moderate endemism. We conclude that life histories, dispersal, and speciation/extinction dynamics are primary agents that mold patterns of diversity and endemism. Historical factors, currents, productivity, and species diversity itself (through ecological interactions) also influence these patterns, in some cases by altering body size.hot spots ͉ stomatopod ͉ life history ͉ geographic range ͉ body size B eing repositories of ancient phyla as well as more recent specialized taxa, coral reefs are among the most spectacular, productive, diverse (per unit area), and threatened ecosystems on earth. Organisms they house provide a critical source of protein for people in many tropical countries, and reefs themselves protect human populations from storm and wave damage. Coral reefs provide aesthetic beauty (and the bioeroded sand on beaches) for tourism-an increasingly important economic resource for developing tropical countries. However, tourism and other uses of reefs must be carefully managed to be of sustainable economic benefit. A fundamental value of coral reefs is that they provide an aesthetic, intellectual, educational, and cultural heritage for present and future generations.Threats to global coral reefs, however, are severe and well documented (1-9). Overexploitation has been identified as an especially serious problem, but other threats include coastal development and sedimentation, pollution, global warming, disease, and ocean acidification. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network reports that 20% of global coral reefs already have been degraded beyond recovery, an additional 24% are under imminent threat of collapse, and a further 26% ...

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“…Origination rates of coral taxa in the western Atlantic decreased during the Cenozoic due to declining migration of corals from the Mediterranean, and the western Atlantic coral fauna diVerentiated from the eastern Atlantic fauna by the Lower Miocene (Budd, 2000). Anderson (2000) attributes the separation of ancestral lineages of Loligo and Sepioteuthis squids between the EP + WA and the EA + IP to the widening of the Atlantic during the Cretaceous.…”

Section: Early Divergence Of Ancestral Lineages Of Conusmentioning

confidence: 99%