Diversity of endophytic fungal and bacterial communities in Ilex paraguariensis grown under field conditions

Abstract

The composition and diversity of the endophytic community associated with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was investigated using culture-depending methods. Fungi were identified based on their micromorphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analysis; for bacteria 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used. Fungal and bacterial diversity did not show significant differences between organ age. The highest fungal diversity was registered during fall season and the lowest in winter. Bacterial diversity was higher in stems and increased from summer to winter, in contrast with leaves, which decreased. The most frequently isolated fungus was Fusarium, followed by Colletotrichum; they were both present in all the sampling seasons and organ types assayed. Actinobacteria represented 57.5 % of all bacterial isolates. The most dominant bacterial taxa were Curtobacterium and Microbacterium. Other bacteria frequently found were Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Herbiconiux and Bacillus. Nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization activity, ACC deaminase production and antagonism against plant fungal pathogens were assayed in endophytic bacterial strains. In the case of fungi, strains of Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus were assayed for antagonism against pathogenic Fusarium sp. All microbial isolates assayed showed at least one growth promoting activity. Strains of Bacillus, Pantoea, Curtobacterium, Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas and Paenibacillus had at least two growth-promoting activities, and Bacillus, Paenibacillus and the three endophytic fungi showed high antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. In this work we have made a wide study of the culturable endophytic community within yerba mate plants and found that several microbial isolates could be considered as potential inoculants useful for improving yerba mate production.

Comparison of specific endophytic bacterial communities in different developmental stages of Passiflora incarnata using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent analysis

“…During its development, the plant host may show a predisposition to be colonized by bacterial populations that participate in the defense against pathogens (Develey‐Rivière & Galiana, ; Sturz & Matheson, ). This might explain why predominant taxonomic groups in the RS are heavily related to bacterial groups that have previously shown influence on resistance to some infectious diseases (Araújo et al, ; Lacava et al, ; Pérez et al, ; Sturz & Matheson, ). Further studies are needed to assess host‐endosymbiont metabolomics at different developmental stages and determine whether the structure and composition of the endophytic bacterial communities could correlate with the plant phenological patterns.…”

“…Similar results were reported on the abundance of Bacillus and Pseudomonas recovered from Trichilia elegans leaves (Rhoden et al, ). Besides being commonly characterized as endophytes (Govindasamy et al, ), Bacillus and Pseudomonas play a critical role in the promoting plant growth (Adesemoye, Obini, & Ugoji, ; Mercado‐Blanco & Bakker, ; Pérez, Collavino, Sansberro, Mroginski, & Galdeano, ). The genera Sphingomonas , Curtobacterium , and Methylobacterium together represented more than half of all bacteria isolated from the RS.…”

Diversity and Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Roots and Leaves of Stipa purpurea in an Alpine Steppe at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

“…Both approaches show that the host is a strong diversifier of fungal community structure, but that each alone covers only a small proportion of the real fungal community [53]. The knowledge of the culturable endophytic community composition is of great value for the development of technologies for agricultural management, in particular those related to microorganism-based growth promotion, since the isolates are available for activity and inoculation analyses [40]. In this study, the potential of endophytic isolates for plant growth promotion was determined by ACCD gene detection and fungal antagonism.…”

MALDI‐ and LDI‐MS saponin fingerprint of leaves and stick components of commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

“…These herbal teas are rich in metabolites and have beneficial health properties as antifungal, antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, anticancer, and anti‐atherosclerosis . Thus, in order to associate YM chemical components to health properties observed, metabolomic studies have been conducted using different analytical methodologies (ie, gas chromatography [GC], mass spectrometry [MS], liquid chromatography [LC], LC/MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet [UV] absorption, and fluorescence) .…”

“…2 These herbal teas are rich in metabolites and have beneficial health properties as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerosis. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8] Thus, in order to associate YM chemical components to health properties observed, metabolomic studies have been conducted using different analytical methodologies (ie, gas chromatography [GC], mass spectrometry [MS], liquid chromatography [LC], LC/MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet [UV] absorption, and fluorescence). [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For sample preparation, different protocols were followed: ie, fresh mate leaves were harvested and treated (dried) simulating the protocols followed for preparation of commercial product sold for hot infusion consumed as folk beverage.…”