Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction

Tölke, Elisabeth Dantas; Capelli, Natalie do Valle; Pastori, Tamara; Alencar, Ana Cláudia; Cole, Theodor C. H.; Demarco, Diego

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_48

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…Inside the floral tube, epidermal cells have a papillate surface that does not react to osmophores when stained with neutral red; it is likely that the papillate cells are related to nectar resorption (Stpiczyñska, 2003; Stpiczyñska & Nepi, 2006) by other floral parts than the nectary itself, as found in Linaria vulgaris (L.) Mill., Scrophulariaceae (Nepi, Pacini, Nencini, Collavoli, & Franchi, 2003). Additionally, in C. marginatum , the osmophore and nectary have lipids in the cells; thus, both secretory structures may emit an odor (Baudino, Caissard, Bergougnoux, Jullien, Magnard, Scalliet, Cook, & Hugueney, 2007; Tölke, Capelli, Pastori, Alencar, Cole, & Demarco, 2019), which may increase the attractiveness of the flower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Sigrist

Leme

Fabiano

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Chrysophyllum (Chrysophylloideae, Chrysophylleae) is the second largest genus in the Sapotaceae. Studies of pollination ecology in this genus are non‐existent, although there are records of entomophily for this family. Considering the lack of detailed studies on pollination ecology and sexual systems in Chrysophyllum species, we investigate the floral morphology and biology and floral visitors of Chrysophyllum marginatum to verify which sexual system is present in the studied population and whether flowers of this species are visited and pollinated by different insect groups. The population of C. marginatum has weak and cryptic gynomonoecy because the plants produce a low percentage of functionally pistillate flowers (4.2%) and these flowers appear to be perfect flowers (hermaphrode). Flowers of C. marginatum are phenotypically, ecologically and functionally generalist because: (a) they are actinomorphic, open and not restrictive in terms of access to floral resources; (b) they are visited by 26 species of insects that are potential pollinators; and (c) among these species several groups can be effective pollinators, mainly bees and flies, according to the most effective pollinator principle. We consider bees and flies to be the main pollinator group of C. marginatum, due to their high visitation rate, richness and intrafloral visiting behavior, and because they especially forage among plant individuals and are able to promote xenogamy. Nectaries were found in the ovary base and osmophores in the petal margins, as floral attractants. For Chrysophyllum, this is the first record of gynomonoecy and for the family this is considered the second record. Chrysophyllum marginatum has generalist and entomophilous pollination, as recorded in other Sapotaceae Neotropical species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Sigrist

Leme

Fabiano

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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“…However, some EO such as oil from Cryptomeria japonica also possess a repellent effect against arthropods and pests, which is a crucial part of the plant’s defense mechanism [ 30 , 31 ]. These EO and their constituents are well documented for antimicrobial potentials [ 32 , 33 ]. EO obtained from medicinal plants are reported to have more than 20–60 constituents of different concentrations and two to three main compounds, which are usually in high amounts (20–70%) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils

et al. 2021

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has urged researchers to explore therapeutic alternatives, one of which includes the use of natural plant products such as essential oils (EO). In fact, EO obtained from clove, oregano, thymus, cinnamon bark, rosemary, eucalyptus, and lavender have been shown to present significant inhibitory effects on bacteria, fungi, and viruses; many studies have been done to measure EO efficacy against microorganisms. The strategy of combinatory effects via conventional and non-conventional methods revealed that the combined effects of EO–EO or EO–antibiotic exhibit enhanced efficacy. This paper aims to review the antimicrobial effects of EO, modes of EO action (membrane disruption, efflux inhibition, increase membrane permeability, and decrease in intracellular ATP), and their compounds’ potential as effective agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It is hoped that the integration of EO applications in this work can be used to consider EO for future clinical applications.

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“…In flowers, volatile organic compounds are emitted from petals during floral maturation [ 2 ]. In reproductive organs, essential oils are produced by specialized scent glands, i.e., osmophores, located in various floral elements [ 3 , 4 ]. Plants from the family Lamiaceae are characterized by a high content of essential oils [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terpenoids and benzenoids are important components of these substances [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. An important function of floral volatile organic compounds is to attract potential pollinators [ 1 , 4 , 12 ]. The entomophilic L. album flowers are characterized by a delicate scent, which is emitted not only by petals [ 13 ] but also by the aromatic nectar [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

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Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction

Cited by 14 publications

References 230 publications

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils

Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

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