Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Tony F, Soemarno, Wiadnya DGR, Hakim L. 2020. Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4804-4812. Reef fish is one benchmark to determine a coral reef ecosystem's biodiversity. Reef fish communities are important in coral reef ecosystems because of their trophic relationships with other biotic components. The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of reef fish on Halang Melingkau Island, Kotabaru District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was conducted in March-August 2019. Coral reef fish data were collected using an underwater visual census method. Transects were applied as close as possible to the substrate using a 50 m roll-up measuring tape. Three transects were applied at each station. A total of 98 reef fish species from 19 families were recorded in this study. The fish community in Halang Melingkau island belongs to the family of Pomacentridae, Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Scolopsidae, Serranidae, Caesionidae, Holocentridae, Siganidae, Pomacanthidae, Apogonidae, Pempheridae, Scorpaenidae, Tetraodontidae, Blenniidae, Platacidae, and Zanclidae. The highest abundance of reef fish was 1.88 ind/m2, and the lowest was 0.14 ind/m2. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0.03 to 0.13, the homogeneity index (E') ranged from 0.72 and 0.94, and the diversity index (H') ranged from 2.17 to 3.53. Water quality data measurements of temperature, brightness, current speed, pH, and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were within the tolerance limits of water quality standards based on the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004, Republic of Indonesia.

Composition of reef fish as a success indicator of the bio-transplants method in Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten Province

“…Most of the damage to coral reefs results from human activities, including destructive and excessive fishing, according to [21]. The study by [22] in the waters of the island of Halang Melingkau, South Kalimantan, also showed that the highest number of species found in this study was Caesio cuning (family Caesionidae), with a total of 493 individuals.…”

“…6. The Pomacentridae family is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, according to [23,22]. [24] discussed Families Pomacentridae and Labridae also dominate the marine fish fauna of the Redang Islands, Malaysia.…”

“…However, not all Chaetodontidae fish consume coral polyps as to their staple diet. The presence and abundance of the Chaetodontidae family in the waters can provide an overview of the condition of local coral reefs, according to [22].…”

First photographic inland record of the Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (müller and henle 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Java, Indonesia

“…The evidence of C. leucas in Ciwulan River, Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province, is the first record in freshwaters of Java, and the fifth frehwater record beyond previous records from the archipelago of Indonesia (West-Papua, Borneo, Sumatra, and Celebes). Among other biological topics (Tony et al, 2020;Hasan et al, 2021c;Hasan et al, 2019a;Hasan et al, 2019b), the new record of near threatened fishes is an important contribution to raise an understanding of species biogeography Hasan and Widodo 2020;Hasan et al, 2021a;Hasan et al, 2021b;Gani et al, 2021). As reported in this paper, the new record of C. leucas will contribute to improve the knowledge of the species as it extends the distribution range of the species in Java.…”

Environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in coral reef fish community structure

“…Aquatic biodiversity data are essential for explaining various ecological processes, as well as for biological monitoring (biomonitoring) of ecosystem health and biodiversity (Leray et al 2013). Coral reef shes are a key taxonomic group for assessing the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems (Tony et al 2020), and coral reef sh community parameters can be strongly related to coral reef ecosystem condition (Madduppa et al 2013) Biomonitoring to examine the relationships between sh diversity and abundance within coral reef ecosystems has typically used underwater visual census (UVC) methods (Adrim et al 2012;Taira et al 2018;Harsindhi et al 2020) (Stat et al 2019). However, weaknesses of these methods include a tendency to miss cryptic species and the level of observer expertise required (Bozec et al 2011) as well as their spatial and temporal scope (Boussarie et al 2018).…”