Diving behaviour of a Baird’s beaked whale, <i>Berardius bairdii</i>, in the slope water region of the western North Pacific: first dive records using a data logger

Minamikawa, Shingo; Iwasaki, Toshihide; Kishiro, Toshiya

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00456.x

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We defined a dive as any excursion to a depth below 10 m in order to capture “shallow” dives as previously described for this species10. The animal was considered to have reached the surface at 1 m depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Stimpert

DeRuiter

Southall

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Beaked whales are hypothesized to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise, based on previous strandings and limited experimental and observational data. However, few species have been studied in detail. We describe the underwater behavior of a Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) from the first deployment of a multi-sensor acoustic tag on this species. The animal exhibited shallow (23 ± 15 m max depth), intermediate (324 ± 49 m), and deep (1138 ± 243 m) dives. Echolocation clicks were produced with a mean inter-click interval of approximately 300 ms and peak frequency of 25 kHz. Two deep dives included presumed foraging behavior, with echolocation pulsed sounds (presumed prey capture attempts) associated with increased maneuvering, and sustained inverted swimming during the bottom phase of the dive. A controlled exposure to simulated mid-frequency active sonar (3.5–4 kHz) was conducted 4 hours after tag deployment, and within 3 minutes of exposure onset, the tagged whale increased swim speed and body movement, and continued to show unusual dive behavior for each of its next three dives, one of each type. These are the first data on the acoustic foraging behavior in this largest beaked whale species, and the first experimental demonstration of a response to simulated sonar.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Stimpert

DeRuiter

Southall

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…Beaked whales dive deeply more frequently than most other cetacean species (Hooker and Baird, 1999;Baird et al, 2006Baird et al, , 2008Tyack et al, 2006;Minamikawa et al, 2007) and this behaviour has been suggested to result in tissue N 2 supersaturation. It is possible that these mammals live continuously with elevated levels of N 2 (Cox et al, 2006) which could render them prone to decompression sickness (DCS) if they altered their diving behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could beaked whales get the bends?

Hooker

Baird

Fahlman

2009

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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A mathematical model, based on current knowledge of gas exchange and physiology of marine mammals, was used to predict blood and tissue tension N 2 (P N 2 ) using field data from three beaked whale species: northern bottlenose whales, Cuvier's beaked whales, and Blainville's beaked whales. The objective was to determine if physiology (body mass, diving lung volume, dive response) or dive behaviour (dive depth and duration, changes in ascent rate, diel behaviour) would lead to differences in P N 2 levels and thereby decompression sickness (DCS) risk between species. Diving lung volume and extent of the dive response had a large effect on end-dive P N 2 .The dive profile had a larger influence on end-dive P N 2 than body mass differences between species. Despite diel changes in dive behaviour, P N 2 levels showed no consistent trend. Model output suggested that all three species live with tissue P N 2 levels that would cause a significant proportion of DCS cases in terrestrial mammals. Cuvier's beaked whale diving behaviour appears to put them at higher risk than the other species, which may explain their prevalence in strandings after the use of mid-frequency sonar.3

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“…The best-known modern ziphiids perform regular dives to reach foraging grounds up to 3000 m, beyond the photic zone, where they capture cephalopods, crustaceans, and bathypelagic fish via suction (Clarke, 1996;Heyning and Mead, 1996;Hooker and Baird, 1999;Johnson et al, 2004;MacLeod et al, 2003;Minamikawa et al, 2007;Schorr et al, 2014;. Accordingly, Ziphiidae share a unique set of morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations allowing them to optimize the travel time to reach their foraging grounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale <i>Messapicetus gregarius</i>: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Ziphiidae (beaked whales) are a successful family of medium-to large-sized toothed whales. Their extant members perform regular deep dives beyond the photic zone to forage for cephalopods and fish. Conversely, extinct longsnouted stem ziphiids are interpreted as epipelagic predators. However, some aspects of this hypothesis remain unclear due to the lack of clear morphological proxies for recognizing regular deep divers.We compared the forelimb, neck, and pterygoid sinus system of the fossil ziphiid Messapicetus gregarius with those of other odontocetes to evaluate the potential of these body regions as proxies to assess deep-diving specialization. The reconstructed musculature of the neck and forelimb of M. gregarius was also compared with that of other odontocetes. We also quantified variation in the proportions of the forelimb and the hamular fossa of the pterygoid sinus (HF) using 16 linear measurements. The degree of association between diving behaviour in extant odontocetes and these measurements was evaluated with and without phylogenetic correction.Reconstruction of the neck musculature suggests that M. gregarius possessed a neck more flexible than most extant ziphiids due to the lower degree of fusion of the cervical vertebrae and the large insertions for the M. longus colli and Mm. intertransversarii ventrales cervicis. While neck rigidity might be related to deep diving, differences in neck flexibility among extant ziphiids indicate a more complex functional interpretation. The relationship between forelimb morphology and diving behaviour was not significant, both with and without phylogenetic correction, suggesting that it cannot be used to assess deep-diving abilities with the parameters considered here. Measurements of the HF revealed successful to evaluate deep-diving abilities in odontocetes, with an enlargement of this structure in deep divers. Considering other evidence that suggests an epipelagic behaviour, we propose different scenarios to explain the observation of an enlarged HF in M. gregarius: (1) this species may have fed at different depths; (2) it performed deep dives to avoid potential predators; or (3) the enlarged HF and deep-diving habitat correspond to an ancestral condition, with M. gregarius returning to a more epipelagic habitat.

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Diving behaviour of a Baird’s beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, in the slope water region of the western North Pacific: first dive records using a data logger

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Could beaked whales get the bends?

Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale <i>Messapicetus gregarius</i>: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities

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Diving behaviour of a Baird’s beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, in the slope water region of the western North Pacific: first dive records using a data logger

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar

Could beaked whales get the bends?

Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale &lt;i&gt;Messapicetus gregarius&lt;/i&gt;: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities

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Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale <i>Messapicetus gregarius</i>: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities