Do African American mothers really “love” their sons and “raise” their daughters?

Mandara, Jelani; Varner, Fatima; Richman, Scott

doi:10.1037/a0018072

Cited by 52 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…37 in addition, it has been suggested AfricanAmerican parents socialize youth differently based on the child's sex, with more demands being placed on girls than boys (e.g., greater monitoring, higher educational expectations). 38,39 evidence supports the effect of differential socialization of boys versus girls on youth health behaviors. 30,[40][41][42] in one qualitative study, African-American girls reported receiving more emotional and negative P a r e n t i n g C on text (p ar e n t in g s t y l e , support (e.g., being required to take care of and play outside with siblings) from parents for PA than boys, who reported receiving more tangible support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Qualitative Study for Understanding Family and Peer Influences on Obesity-Related Health Behaviors in Low-Income African-American Adolescents

George

Wilson

2012

Childhood Obesity

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Background: Given the cultural and developmental relevance of family members and peers in the lives of African-American adolescents, the present study used a bioecological framework to qualitatively explore the parenting context as well as specific family factors (support, rules, monitoring) and peer factors (support) related to weight status, physical activity (PA), and healthy eating in low-income African-American boys versus girls.Methods: Qualitative data were obtained from African-American adolescents through focus groups. Adolescents (n = 45, 100% African American, 51% girls, 12.6 ± 1.2 years, 51% overweight/obese) were from two underserved communities in South Carolina (median income ≈$17,000-$22,000, high crime levels). Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded by independent pairs of raters (r = 0.75). QSR NVivo 8 was used to analyze data, and themes were categorized separately for boys and girls.Results: Adolescents reported themes of family warmth and control practices consistent with an authoritative style of parenting. Although adolescents wanted increased autonomy, they viewed parental monitoring as a favorable part of their relationship. boys reported receiving more constructive feedback from parents about weight status and greater overall support for PA and diet than did girls. Girls reported more honest feedback from peers about weight status than did boys. Overall, adolescents acknowledged the unique opportunities of parents and peers in improving their health behaviors.Conclusions: Findings suggest parents and peers interact in different ways with African-American boys and girls regarding their weight status and health behaviors. Future obesity prevention efforts in minority youth may need to target parenting skills that provide greater support to African-American girls. in addition, given peers influence PA and diet differently in boys and girls, interventions should strategically include parenting strategies that involve monitoring peer-adolescent interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Qualitative Study for Understanding Family and Peer Influences on Obesity-Related Health Behaviors in Low-Income African-American Adolescents

George

Wilson

2012

Childhood Obesity

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“…For purposes of the current study, child gender was treated as a control variable, however, parenting practices (Hill, 2006; Mandara, Varner, & Richman, 2010) and conduct problems (Deater-Deckard & Dodge, 1997; Florsheim, Tolan, & Gorman-Smith, 1996) have been shown to vary by gender. An extension of this work could be to assess the differences within externalizing problems between ethnic minority boys and girls, given differences in parenting and experience with discrimination (Brody et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Pain

Anderson

Hussain

Wilson

et al. 2014

Journal of Black Psychology

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The relationship between racial discrimination, parental functioning, and child adjustment is not well understood. The goal of the present study was to assess parental reports of discrimination in relation to depression and parenting practices, as well as on subsequent child internalizing and externalizing problems in low-income Black families. Data include a subsample of the Early Steps project, a multisite longitudinal study of financial and behaviorally at-risk families. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze our hypothesized model. Excellent model fit was established after removing externalizing problems from the model. As predicted, indirect associations were found from discrimination to parental depression, parenting, and child internalizing problems; and direct associations were found from discrimination to child internalizing problems. The results are consistent with findings suggesting that discrimination is negatively associated with adult well-being; moreover, contribute to the sparse literature on the effects of discrimination beyond the direct recipient. Finally, that parent discrimination was directly associated with child emotional problems suggests the continued need to address and treat discriminatory practices more generally.

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“…As a result, it may be that parents are more vigilant in the parenting of their daughters. Another explanation for this double standard may be partially explained by Mandara et al’s (2010) suggestion that a possible cause for the high rates of African American male drug use, risky sexual behavior, and conduct problems compared with their sisters may be partly due to their mothers’ strict parenting (e.g., monitoring, etc.) of daughters but not sons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Religiosity in the Relationship Between Parents, Peers, and Adolescent Risky Sexual Behavior

Landor

Simons

et al. 2010

J Youth Adolescence

121

105

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Research has documented a negative relationship between religion and risky sexual behavior. Few studies, however, have examined the processes whereby religion exerts this effect. The present study develops and tests a model of various mechanisms whereby parental religiosity reduces the likelihood of adolescents’ participation in risky sexual behavior (early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use). Structural equation modeling, using longitudinal data from a sample of 612 African American adolescents (55% female), provided support for the model. The results indicated that parental religiosity influenced adolescent risky sexual behavior through its impact on authoritative parenting, adolescent religiosity, and adolescent affiliation with less sexually permissive peers. Some mediating mechanisms differed by the gender of the respondent, suggesting a “double-standard” for daughters but not for sons. Findings also indicated the importance of messages about sexual behavior that are transmitted to adolescents by their peers. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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Do African American mothers really “love” their sons and “raise” their daughters?

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

A Qualitative Study for Understanding Family and Peer Influences on Obesity-Related Health Behaviors in Low-Income African-American Adolescents

A Qualitative Study for Understanding Family and Peer Influences on Obesity-Related Health Behaviors in Low-Income African-American Adolescents

Pathways to Pain

The Role of Religiosity in the Relationship Between Parents, Peers, and Adolescent Risky Sexual Behavior

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