Do patients with recurrent episodes of campylobacteriosis differ from those with a single disease event?

Arsenault, Julie; Ravel, André; Michel, Pascal; Berke, Olaf; Gosselin, Pierre

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-32

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We are not aware of previous evidence from observational studies for such strong clustering effects in adult age groups. In an analysis of surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed campylobacteriosis in Québec, Canada, Arsenault et al found that, over a period of 11 years, a second episode of Campylobacter IID was more likely to be reported among those aged 15 years and above compared with children under 5 years [15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second study of infectious intestinal disease (IID2): increased rates of recurrent diarrhoea in individuals aged 65 years and above

et al. 2013

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BackgroundInfectious intestinal disease (IID) is a major health and economic burden in high-income countries. In the UK, there are an estimated 17 million IID cases annually, of which 6 million are caused by the 12 most common pathogens. Host factors that influence risk of IID are not well understood.MethodsWe analyzed data from the IID2 Study, a UK cohort that measured IID incidence, to investigate factors associated with recurrent IID. We calculated rates of IID by age group, sex, previous episodes experienced, and socioecomic indicators. We used Cox models to investigate factors associated with recurrent illness.ResultsThe rate of IID was five times higher among infants than those aged 65 years and above (hazard ratio, HR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.1 – 8.0). However, the association between previous IID and a subsequent IID episode was stronger in the elderly. Among those aged 65 years and above, each additional IID episode increased the rate of subsequent IID three-fold (HR = 3.1, 95% CI: 2.5 – 3.7). Among infants, the corresponding increase was 1.7-fold (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3 – 2.3).ConclusionsElderly populations have a high propensity for recurrent IID. More detailed studies are needed to identify vulnerable subgroups and susceptibility factors, and inform adequate control policies among the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second study of infectious intestinal disease (IID2): increased rates of recurrent diarrhoea in individuals aged 65 years and above

et al. 2013

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“…Although core-genome (as described by MLST) is not necessarily related to antigens, and cross-protection is expected to develop for strains sharing similar antigenic properties, the higher risk of campylobacteriosis in travellers does not appear to be limited just to higher levels of exposure in developing countries, but also to the possible presence of 'new' Campylobacter strains, endemic in the different regions to which travellers have rarely been exposed before [14]. It follows that, probabilistically, these new strains are more likely to be associated with regionally untested antigens than widespread strains, and acquired protection may be ineffective when exposed to uncommon strains, as evidenced by a Canadian study [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains

et al. 2013

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Multilocus sequence types (STs) were determined for 232 and 737 Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from Dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. Putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. Travelling to Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Southern Europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campylobacteriosis compared to travelling within Western Europe. Besides eating chicken, using antacids, and having chronic enteropathies, we identified eating vegetable salad outside Europe, drinking bottled water in high-risk destinations, and handling/eating undercooked pork as possible risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis. Factors associated with domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs involved predominantly person-to-person contacts around popular holiday periods. We concluded that putative determinants of travel-related campylobacteriosis differ from those of domestically acquired infections and that returning travellers may carry several exotic strains that might subsequently spread to domestic populations even through limited person-to-person transmission.

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“…The disease can have a protracted course but can also present as an acute and potentially life-threatening infection (5), as occurred in one of our patients. Certain conditions, such as chronic intestinal diseases, diabetes, liver disease, metastatic cancers, and AIDS, as well as hypogammaglobulinemia and the use of proton-pump inhibitors, may be associated with a higher risk of acquiring the infection (9). Humoral immunity plays a crucial role against Campylobacter spp., and recurrent infection has been reported in patients with conditions associated with impaired humoral immunity (5), as was the case of both our patients.…”

Section: Ampylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Among Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Fosfomycin-Tromethamine for Treatment of Recurrent Campylobacter Species Enteritis

Aguilar-Company

Los‐Arcos

Pigrau

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We report 2 cases of recurrent Campylobacter coli enteritis caused by macrolide-and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in 2 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, successfully treated with a prolonged course of fosfomycin-tromethamine with no side effects. Fosfomycin-tromethamine may be a feasible alternative therapy for recurrent enteritis caused by Campylobacter species resistant to first-line drugs. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, among other Campylobacter species, are frequent causes of foodborne enteric infection. Macrolides are the drug of choice for treatment, reducing the duration of the illness and bacterial shedding, and fluoroquinolones are the most commonly used alternative therapy (1). Since the 1990s, a significant increase in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter spp. has been reported in Asian and European countries (1, 2). Increased macrolide resistance has also been described, particularly in developing countries (3). It has also been noted that C. coli isolates are more frequently resistant to antibiotics than C. jejuni isolates (3, 4). Most cases of Campylobacter species enteritis are mild and selflimited; nevertheless, some episodes follow a relapsing course with repeated treatment failures, particularly in patients with predisposing conditions like impaired humoral immunity (5).Fosfomycin-tromethamine (FT) is an antimicrobial agent active against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is generally safe and well tolerated and is currently approved for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary infection. A previous study demonstrated that most fluoroquinolone-resistant C. jejuni strains are susceptible to fosfomycin (6). However, reports on its use in acute Campylobacter species enteritis are scarce, outdated, and limited (7,8).We report 2 cases of relapsing C. coli enteritis successfully treated with oral FT. Case 1. A 64-year-old woman was admitted for persistent diarrhea. She had been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency many years before and had a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis, and chronic diarrhea with numerous exacerbations and repeated isolation of C. jejuni in stool cultures. The patient's gastroenterologist had undertaken an extensive study of her chronic diarrhea, and other possible causes had been excluded. Her usual medications included intravenous gamma globulin every 3 weeks, bronchodilators, and nebulized colistin. She had received several courses of azithromycin treatment for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over the last 5 years.Over the previous 7 days her diarrhea had markedly worsened (up to 10 stool passages a day), and she experienced abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. She was admitted to the intensive care unit. Blood cultures were sterile; stool cultures were positive for C. coli, which was resistant to erythromycin (MIC of Ͼ256 mg/liter), ciprofloxacin (MIC of Ͼ32 mg/liter), and tetracycline, as tested by Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and susceptible...

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Do patients with recurrent episodes of campylobacteriosis differ from those with a single disease event?

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The second study of infectious intestinal disease (IID2): increased rates of recurrent diarrhoea in individuals aged 65 years and above

The second study of infectious intestinal disease (IID2): increased rates of recurrent diarrhoea in individuals aged 65 years and above

Campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains

Potential Use of Fosfomycin-Tromethamine for Treatment of Recurrent Campylobacter Species Enteritis

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