Does Postsecondary Education Benefit Aboriginal Canadians? An Examination of Earnings and Employment Outcomes for Recent Aboriginal Graduates

Walters, David; White, Jerry P.; Maxim, Paul

doi:10.2307/3552303

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most previous work focuses on the earnings of full-time/full-year workers, 4 and broadening the scope of the analysis allows for a more comprehensive assessment of these disparities. Not only are Aboriginal people more likely to engage in seasonal work but unemployment is higher for Aboriginal people across Canada (Drost 1994;Hull 2005;Mendelson 2004;Walters, White, and Maxim 2004). Higher amounts of seasonal work and unemployment imply that Aboriginal people are more likely to work fewer weeks of the year than non-Aboriginal people, and my results demonstrate this is a major source of the log earnings gap.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Size, Structure, and Change: Exploring the Sources of Aboriginal Earnings Gaps in 1995 and 2005

Feir

2013

Canadian Public Policy

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Dans cet article, j'analyse les tendances qui caractérisent les différences de salaires annuels entre Autochtones et Non-Autochtones, les causes de ces différences et la façon dont les Autochtones qui vivent dans des réserves sont pénalisés en matière de salaires annuels. Je considère trois causes de ces différences : le nombre de semaines travaillées, le salaire hebdomadaire selon diverses caractéristiques et le rendement de ces caractéristiques. Mes résultats indiquent que les différences de salaires entre les Autochtones et les Métis ont diminué grâce aux nombres de semaines travaillées qui tendent à s'égaler parmi les deux groupes. Les différences de salaires à la baisse des Autochtones qui vivent dans des réserves ont augmenté, possiblement à cause de la variation du pourcentage d'Autochtones vivant hors d'une réserve. Par ailleurs, j'analyse l'importance du rôle des impôts et des transferts comme moyen de réduire ces différences; j'observe que, si les impôts et transferts n'éliminent pas la plupart des inégalités, ils ont pour résultats que les femmes qui vivent dans des réserves ne sont pas pénalisées en matière de salaires.Mots clés : décomposition, Autochtones, différences de salaires I investigate the trends and sources of the Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal annual earnings gap and the on-reserve annual earnings penalty. Three sources of these gaps are considered: differences in weeks worked, weekly earnings due to characteristics, and returns. I find that earnings differences between non-Aboriginals and Métis have declined due to convergence in the number of weeks worked. The on-reserve weekly earnings penalty has increased, possibly due to the changing proportion off-reserve. My study also examines the importance of taxes and transfers in reducing the earnings gap. While they do not eliminate most inequities, measured taxes and transfers eliminate the on-reserve earnings penalty for women.

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confidence: 77%

Size, Structure, and Change: Exploring the Sources of Aboriginal Earnings Gaps in 1995 and 2005

Feir

2013

Canadian Public Policy

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“…For example, research with Australian Aboriginal university graduates has shown that they were more likely to be employed, were more positive about the benefits of their degree for work and career goals (Edwards & Coates, 2011) and had similar earnings compared to their non-indigenous peers (Li, 2014). Similarly, Indigenous Canadian graduates have also been found to have comparable earnings outcomes at two years postgraduation compared to both their minority and non-minority counterparts, although slightly lower employment rates 1 (Walters, White, & Maxim, 2004).…”

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confidence: 93%

Equity in New Zealand university graduate outcomes: Māori and Pacific graduates

Theodore

Taumoepeau

Kokaua

et al. 2017

Higher Education Research & Development

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Higher education confers significant private and social benefits. Māori and Pacific peoples are under-represented within New Zealand universities and have poorer labour market outcomes (e.g., lower wages, under-represented in skilled professions). A New Zealand tertiary education priority is to boost Māori and Pacific success in an effort to improve outcomes for these graduates, their communities and society in general. Using information collected in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand, we compared Māori and Pacific university graduate outcomes with outcomes of other New Zealand graduates. Data were collected when the participants were in their final year of study (n=8719) and two years post-graduation (n=6104). Employment outcomes were comparable between Māori, Pacific and other New Zealand graduates at two years post-graduation; however, Māori and Pacific graduates had significantly higher student debt burden and financial strain over time. They were significantly more likely to help others (e.g., family) across a range of situations (e.g., lending money), and reported higher levels of volunteerism compared to their counterparts. Boosting higher education success for Māori and Pacific students has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities in New Zealand labour market outcomes and may result in significant private benefits for these graduates and social benefits as a result of their contribution to society.

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“…Low educational attainments are determined to be partially responsible for the relatively poor labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples in Canada (e.g., Walters et al 2004) and the income gap between Aboriginal peoples and the rest of Canada (Wilson and Macdonald 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between education and labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples: A simulation analysis using the Demosim population projection model

Spielauer¹

2014

CSP

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This study aims at quantifying the impact of educational attainments on the future labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples. Using Statistics Canada's Demosim population projection model, we are able to simulate alternative scenarios of educational change and resulting effects on the future labour force until 2056. About half of the observed difference in labour force participation rates between Aboriginal peoples and the Canadian-born population belonging neither to an Aboriginal nor to a visible minority group can be attributed to educational differences. While the impact of educational improvements on the future labour force is significant, the change is found to be a slow and gradual process, as successive young school-age cohorts have yet to enter the labour market and renew the workforce.Keywords: aboriginal peoples, education, labour force participation, microsimulation, projection. RésuméCette étude vise à quantifier l'effet du niveau d'instruction sur la participation future des peuples autochtones à la population active. Grâce au modèle de projections démographiques Demosim de Statistique Canada, nous avons pu simuler des scénarios à partir de différents niveaux d'éducation et d'en constater l'effet sur la population active future jusqu'en 2056. Près de la moitié des différences observées dans les taux de participation à la population active entre les peuples autochtones et la population née au Canada, n'appartenant ni aux peuples autochtones ni à une minorité visible, est attribuable aux différences sur le plan de l'éducation. Bien que l'effet des améliorations sur le plan de l'éducation soit considérable auprès de la population active future, le changement aurait lieu lentement et progressivement au fur et à mesure que les cohortes d'âges scolaires entrent sur le marché du travail et que la population active se renouvelle.

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Does Postsecondary Education Benefit Aboriginal Canadians? An Examination of Earnings and Employment Outcomes for Recent Aboriginal Graduates

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Size, Structure, and Change: Exploring the Sources of Aboriginal Earnings Gaps in 1995 and 2005

Size, Structure, and Change: Exploring the Sources of Aboriginal Earnings Gaps in 1995 and 2005

Equity in New Zealand university graduate outcomes: Māori and Pacific graduates

The relation between education and labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples: A simulation analysis using the Demosim population projection model

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