Dominance or Integration? Influence of Sexual Dimorphism and Clothing Color on Judgments of Male and Female Targets' Attractiveness, Warmth, and Competence

Wen, Fangfang; Qiao, Yalan; Zuo, Bin; Ye, Hanxue; Ding, Yu; Wang, Qi; Ma, Shuhan

doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02283-3

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In human social contexts, red is commonly associated with power, strength, competitive, dominance, and social status (Elliot et al, 2010;Williams et al, 1970;Wen et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2018). Historical and cultural examples illustrate the symbolic significance of red in different societies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red background color enhances dominance perception of faces and shapes

Chen¹,

Nakamura²,

Watanabe³

2022

Preprint

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Red color signals dominance in both non-human primates and humans. This study examined whether red background color influences the perception of dominance of human faces. Face stimuli were computer-generated faces whose dominance dimension was morphed monotonically from obedient to dominant. The face stimulus was presented with three background colors (i.e., red, green, and gray). Participants were instructed to categorize the face stimulus as obedient or dominant by pressing one of two labelled keys. Results showed that face dominance was affected by the background colors and that an ambiguous face stimulus with a red background color was perceived as dominant more frequently than with green and gray background colors. Those results suggest that red background color enhances the perception of dominance of human faces, perhaps through top-down processing, which may be related to evolutionary roots and learned red-dominance associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red background color enhances dominance perception of faces and shapes

Chen¹,

Nakamura²,

Watanabe³

2022

Preprint

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“…At the explicit level, men are perceived to be more competent, and women are perceived to be warmer ; feminized male and female faces are perceived to be more attractive, warm, and competent than masculine faces (Wen et al, 2022). Implicit gender stereotypes also show considerable gender inequalities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport–gender stereotypes and their impact on impression evaluations

Liu,

Shentu,

Xue

et al. 2023

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Sports have traditionally had gendered connotations in society and culture, resulting in solidified gender stereotypes that influence impression evaluations. China has a special gender social culture; however, how sport–gender stereotypes (SGS) influence the gender evaluation of people in China in the Global South is still unknown. This study obtained gender-typed sports and attribute adjectives and proved the existence of SGS through a pilot study (392 college students, n1 = 207, n2 = 185) and then used two studies to explore the influence of both explicit and implicit SGS on evaluations and compared the differences between these stereotypes and general gender stereotypes. Study 1 (395 college students, n1a = 192, n1b = 203) examined the explicit level using a questionnaire experiment. The results of two experiments showed that (1) stereotype-consistent targets were more masculine or feminine in correspondence with their gender, while stereotype-inconsistent targets had higher anti-gender traits; and (2) the inclusion of stereotype-consistent sports activities led targets to be evaluated as more masculine, while stereotype-inconsistent sport activities showed gender evaluation reversal, especially for women. Study 2 (103 college students, n2a = 61, n2b = 42) measured the implicit attitudes using the Implicit Association Test. The results of two experiments showed that (1) implicit evaluations of stereotype-consistent targets were associated faster than stereotype-inconsistent targets and (2) the inclusion of gender-typed sports weakened implicit gender evaluations. In conclusion, this is the first quantitative study to explore the unique effect of SGS on individual evaluations and how they differ from general gender stereotypes in the Chinese context. These findings could provide valuable insights for research and the application of sports social science and physical education.

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“…For example, among inner traits, skill, intelligence, capability, and efficiency highlight individuals' previous studies and are thus correlated to competence evaluation [14,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Among outer traits, facial and vocal cues play an important role in competence assessment [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Theory and Data-Driven Competence Evaluation with Multimodal Machine Learning—A Chinese Competence Evaluation Multimodal Dataset

Xian

Liao

2023

Applied Sciences

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In social interactions, people who are perceived as competent win more chances, tend to have more opportunities, and perform better in both personal and professional aspects of their lives. However, the process of evaluating competence is still poorly understood. To fill this gap, we developed a two-step empirical study to propose a competence evaluation framework and a predictor of individual competence based on multimodal data using machine learning and computer vision methods. In study 1, from a knowledge-driven perspective, we first proposed a competence evaluation framework composed of 4 inner traits (skill, expression efficiency, intelligence, and capability) and 6 outer traits (age, eye gaze variation, glasses, length-to-width ratio, vocal energy, and vocal variation). Then, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were utilized to predict and interpret individual competence, respectively. The results indicate that 8 (4 inner and 4 outer) traits (in descending order: vocal energy, age, length-to-width ratio, glasses, expression efficiency, capability, intelligence, and skill) contribute positively to competence evaluation, while 2 outer traits (vocal variation and eye gaze variation) contribute negatively. In study 2, from a data-driven perspective, we accurately predicted competence with a cutting-edge multimodal machine learning algorithm, low-rank multimodal fusion (LMF), which exploits the intra- and intermodal interactions among all the visual, vocal, and textual features of an individual’s competence behavior. The results indicate that vocal and visual features contribute most to competence evaluation. In addition, we provided a Chinese Competence Evaluation Multimodal Dataset (CH-CMD) for individual competence analysis. This paper provides a systemic competence framework with empirical consolidation and an effective multimodal machine learning method for competence evaluation, offering novel insights into the study of individual affective traits, quality, personality, etc.

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Dominance or Integration? Influence of Sexual Dimorphism and Clothing Color on Judgments of Male and Female Targets' Attractiveness, Warmth, and Competence

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Red background color enhances dominance perception of faces and shapes

Red background color enhances dominance perception of faces and shapes

Sport–gender stereotypes and their impact on impression evaluations

Theory and Data-Driven Competence Evaluation with Multimodal Machine Learning—A Chinese Competence Evaluation Multimodal Dataset

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