“Don't Call Me a Student-Athlete”: The Effect of Identity Priming on Stereotype Threat for Academically Engaged African American College Athletes

Stone, Jeff; Harrison, C. Keith; Mottley, Ja Vonte

doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.655624

Cited by 66 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Black student-athletes for their identity as a "scholar-athlete" has even led to underperformance on standardized intelligence tests (Harrison et al, 2009;Stone et al, 2012). Interestingly, lower scores on difficult items of a GRE test segment such as verbal reasoning reveal the pervasiveness of stereotype threat into basic constructivist skills, a recognizable indicator of diminished cognitive and emotional resources.…”

Section: Negative Impact Of Stereotype Threat On Black Student-athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AIMS and AIMI seek to capture the length to which student-athletes in this study identify self-worth and performance value with athletics and academics. Cues that link athletic identity to an academic performance should cause more stereotype threat among Black college athletes who are psychologically engaged in their performance rather than those who are disengaged in the classroom (Stone et al, 2012). Could Black football players with higher academic identity have better coping strategies than those with higher athletic identity?…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than serving to self-affirm a positive connection between scholastic and athletic identities, the label of scholar-athlete has the potential to increase the accessibility or strength of the imbalanced propositional relationship between their athletic identity, personal achievement goals, and the dumb-jock stereotype, and this could have a devastating effect on their performance of college athletes in the classroom (Stone, Harrison & Mottley, 2012). It is argued that many student-athletes are personally ostracized on the college campus or, at best, misunderstood (Pinkerton, Hinz & Barrow, 1989).…”

Section: Negative Impact Of Stereotype Threat On Black Student-athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Griffin

2016

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

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Who is Whistling Vivaldi?: How Black Football Players Engage with Stereotype Threats in CollegeWhitney Nicole Griffin Chair of the Supervisory Committee:Professor Clayton Cook Educational PsychologyResearch has shown that the threat of negative stereotypes can have pernicious effects on the decision-making thoughts and behaviors for those who are targets (Steele, 2011). When college students and professors subscribe to stereotypes that student-athletes enter college based solely on their physical abilities rather than their academic and intellectual capabilities, targets of the stereotypes may experience identity dissonance that exacerbates their decisions, behaviors, and ultimately their academic performance. In light of the impact of negative stereotypes on student-athlete performance, the purpose of this dissertation was to conduct a phenomenological, qualitative study that examined how Black male football players engage and cope with negative stereotypes at a predominantly White institution (PWI). Data was collected and analyzed from semi-structured interviews with 10 Black male football student-athletes employing grounded theory methodology to examine how they experience, are affected by, and respond to negative stereotypes.Empirical results elucidate various strategies employed to engage with stereotype threat.Thematic categories include responses that exacerbated, habituated to, or mitigated the stereotype encounter. The current study investigates the successful coping strategies Black football players currently use. Emergent themes gained from this inquiry helped the researcher 4 identify specific harbingers for interventions that would inculcate Black male student-athletes with tools to mitigate negative stereotypes that may undermine their performance in college and all areas of life. Implications are further discussed for postulating an institutionalized workshop series designed to teach effective coping mechanisms for all Black athletes.

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Section: Negative Impact Of Stereotype Threat On Black Student-athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Negative Impact Of Stereotype Threat On Black Student-athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Griffin

2016

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

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“…Student-athletes, especially minority football players, fight against the "dumb jock" stereotype as soon as they set foot on campus (Preacco, 2009;Watt & Moore, 2001). African American males face greater stigmas than any other racial group documented so far (McDonald, Keys, & Balcazar, 2007;Stone, Harrison, & Mottley, 2012). African American athletes believe they are negatively stereotyped by professors and classmates as "dumb jocks" (Edwards, 1984) more than Caucasian student-athletes.…”

Section: Student-athlete Stereotypementioning

confidence: 99%

The Embodied Experience of a Football Championship Subdivision Student-Athlete

Turk

Stokowski

et al. 2017

JHEAI

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Many scholars believe that due to the intensity of college sport, student-athletes are denied a well-rounded experience. Although previous research has focused on the educational experiences of the general student-athlete population, few studies have focused on the culture that constructs the overall student-athlete experience. The authors utilized Riessman's (2008) narrative methodology to reveal the genuine human experience and assist in mobilizing action for progressive social change. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews and journal entries to examine the embodied in-season experience of one athletically gifted Cuban Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) football student-athlete. Open coding revealed four major themes that are discussed: football, identity, social support, and stereotype. This study is one of the first to explore both the experience of a FCS student-athlete and shed light on a Cuban football student-athlete's experience.

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“…An identity salience manipulation (e.g., Stone, Harrison, & Mottley, 2012) was selected for its high ecological validity as identity is often highlighted this way-unintentionally-in real life performance situations. We collected the data by visiting the soccer teams' regular practice and compared a single (negative) identity condition with a multiple (negative and positive) identity condition.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Effects Of Multiple Identities On the Performamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing With Negative Stereotypes in Sports: The Role of Cognitive Anxiety When Multiple Identities Are Activated in Sensorimotor Tasks

Martiny

Gleibs

Parks‐Stamm

et al. 2015

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website.This document is the author's final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Based on research on stereotype threat and multiple identities, this work explores the beneficial effects of activating a positive social identity when a negative identity is salient on women's performance in sports. Further, in line with research on the effects of anxiety in sports, we investigate whether the activation of a positive social identity buffers performance from cognitive anxiety associated with a negative stereotype. Two experiments tested these predictions in field settings. Experiment 1 (N = 83) shows that the simultaneous activation of a positive (i.e., member of a soccer team) and a negative social identity (i.e., woman) led to better performance than the activation of only a negative social identity for female soccer players. Experiment 2 (N = 46) demonstrates that identity condition moderated the effect of cognitive anxiety on performance for female basketball players. Results are discussed concerning multiple identities' potential for dealing with stressful situations. STEREOTYPE THREAT AND MULTIPLE IDENTITIES IN SPORTS Word count abstract: 148Word count text: 7654 . In the present work we extend previous research by combining theories on stereotype threat and multiple social identities to predict outcomes in sensorimotor tasks. We investigate the consequences of the simultaneous activation of multiple social identities compared to the activation of only one (negative) social identity on females' performance in complex sensorimotor coordination tasks (e.g., soccer dribbling and basketball shooting).Additionally, we examine the role of cognitive and somatic anxiety in the classic stereotype threat situation compared to one in which also a positive identity is activated. We argue that whereas cognitive anxiety negatively affects performance in the classic stereotype threat condition, this relationship disappears when a positive social identity is also made salient. Multiple Identities and Stereotype Threat STEREOTYPE THREAT AND MULTIPLE IDENTITIES IN SPORTS 4The fact that every person belongs to a variety of different groups and thus possesses multiple social identities (e.g., being a woman, a mother, a researcher, a psychologist, and a soccer player) was often overlooked in early stereo...

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“Don't Call Me a Student-Athlete”: The Effect of Identity Priming on Stereotype Threat for Academically Engaged African American College Athletes

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

The Embodied Experience of a Football Championship Subdivision Student-Athlete

Dealing With Negative Stereotypes in Sports: The Role of Cognitive Anxiety When Multiple Identities Are Activated in Sensorimotor Tasks

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