Dopant distribution between A and B sites in the PZT ceramics of type ABO3

Electrical properties of antimony doped PLZT ceramics prepared by mixed-oxide route

“…While "A" sites are occupied by Pb 2+ , B sites are occupied by Zr 4+ or Ti 4+ . Depending on the valence and ionic radius of a dopant, it can enter either into A or B site [8]. One very significant advantage of ceramic ferroelectrics is that their properties can be modified by the addition of dopants substituting part of the host atom.…”

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramics sintered with Li2CO3 and Na2CO3: improvement of characteristics

“…In case of Na-Bi pair doping, only a small peak was found at about 0.25 wt % doping level. It was believed that both Na § and Bi 3+ were A-site substitution [10]. This 0.25 wt % doping level was about half of that of the peculiarity took place when only Na2CO3 was doped (0.5 wt %), so both Na § and Bi 3+ were believed to be A-site substitution.…”

Synthesis of Pb1−xRxZr0.65Ti0.35O3 (x=0.05, 0.10 and 0.15; R=Ce, Pr and Nd) powders by Gel Entrapment Technique and study on their thermo-physical and electrical properties

“…While there have been substantial improvements in many of the properties of PZT using acceptor and donor dopants, it is important to garner greater understanding and control over the properties of ferroelectric materials. Although a great deal of research has focused on doping PZT with La 3+ [5,7] and a number of the other individual lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) cations, few systematic Ln doping PZT studies have been reported on ceramics [8][9][10]. Initially, it was important to discern where the Ln dopants would most likely reside in the ABO 3 structure (i.e., A-or B-site dopants).…”