Doping and the perfect body expert: social and cultural indicators of performance-enhancing drug use in Danish gyms

Pedersen, Inge Kryger

doi:10.1080/17430431003588184

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…form an acceptable part of the sport's culture (Pedersen, 2010;Santos, da Rocha, & da Silva, 2011). One indication of that is that the bodybuilders in the study by Bahrami et al (2014) had an average Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale score of 50.09 (SD = 4.58) which was considerably higher and showed less variance than the average Performance Enhancement…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 89%

Perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in junior athletes

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Recent theory and research suggest that perfectionism is a personal factor contributing to athletes' vulnerability to doping (using banned substances/drugs to enhance sporting performance). So far, however, no study has examined what aspects of perfectionism suggest a vulnerability in junior athletes. Employing a cross-sectional design, this study examined perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in 129 male junior athletes (mean age 17.3 years) differentiating four aspects of perfectionism: perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, parental pressure to be perfect, and coach pressure to be perfect. In the bivariate correlations, only parental pressure showed a positive relationship with positive doping attitudes. In a multiple regression analysis controlling for the overlap between the four aspects, perfectionistic strivings additionally showed a negative relationship. Moreover, a structural equation model examining the relationships between all variables suggested that coach pressure had a negative indirect effect on attitudes towards doping via perfectionistic strivings. The findings indicate that perceived parental pressure to be perfect may be a factor contributing to junior athletes' vulnerability to doping, whereas perfectionistic strivings may be a protective factor.

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Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 89%

Perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in junior athletes

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…In addition to the central variables of TPB, researchers have also explored the demographic predictors of PES use, and results have demonstrated significant associations between current use, past use, and gender (Ntoumanis et al, 2014). Although findings concerning gender as a predictor of vulnerability to use PES are equivocal (Devcic et al, 2018), it appears that males tend to be more susceptible to doping or PES use than females, placing them at a greater risk of adverse health events (Pedersen, 2010;Ntoumanis et al, 2013;Backhouse et al, 2015). Previous studies in competitive athletes and gym users showed that current or past behaviors predict both intentions to use PES and future behavior (Armitage and Conner, 2001;Ajzen, 2002;Wiefferink et al, 2008;Lazuras et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the intentions to use prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) and to test the Theory of Planned Behavior's usefulness in predicting self-reported PES use in both genders. A convenience sample of Portuguese gym users (n = 453) completed an anonymous web-based survey. Structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and t-test with the Welch correction for heterokedastic variances were used. At the structural level, results support attitudes, beliefs, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to PES use in gym users, with subjective norms being its strongest predictor. Moreover, results showed a significant association between self-reported PES use and intentions to use. The predictive model was invariant across genders; however, compared to males, females believed less in the performance-enhancing effects of PES, were less prone to the influence of significant others, and had weaker intentions to use these substances. Psychological strategies should be based on subjective norms, alongside beliefs and attitudes, toward PES use as these variables influence the intention to use PES in this particular population.

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“…A much higher range of prevalence rates have also been self-reported by athletes who may not be subjected to frequent testing. For example, rates of 4-25.8% have been recorded for adolescents (Goulet et al, 2010;Gradidge et al, 2011) and 9.4-14.6% for amateur athletes (Pedersen, 2010;Petróczi et al, 2011). Equally, Pitsch and Emrich (2011) utilized the randomized response technique and noted the upper limit of the rate of dopers among track and field athletes in Germany to be 35%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting doping in sport: National level athletes' perceptions of their role in doping prevention

Whitaker

Backhouse

Long

2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This paper qualitatively explores national level athletes' willingness to report doping in sport.Following ethical approval, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine national level athletes from rugby league (n = 5) and track and field athletics (n = 4). Thematic analysis established the main themes within the data. Contextual differences existed around the role that athletes perceived they would play if they became aware of doping. Specifically, track and field athletes would adopt the role of a whistle-blower and report individuals who were doping in their sport. In comparison, the rugby league players highlighted a moral dilemma. Despite disagreeing with their team mates' actions, the players would adhere to a code of silence and refrain from reporting doping. Taking these findings into account, prevention programmes might focus on changing broader group and community norms around doping. In doing so, community members' receptivity to prevention messages may increase. Moreover, developing skills to intervene (e.g., speaking out against social norms that support doping behaviour) or increasing awareness of reporting lines could enhance community responsibility for doping prevention. In sum, the findings highlight the need to consider the context of sport and emphasise that a one-size fits all approach to anti-doping is problematic.

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Doping and the perfect body expert: social and cultural indicators of performance-enhancing drug use in Danish gyms

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in junior athletes

Perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in junior athletes

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

Reporting doping in sport: National level athletes' perceptions of their role in doping prevention

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