Dosimetric Simulations of Brain Absorption of Mobile Phone Radiation–The Relationship Between psSAR and Age

Abstract

As children develop, they differ from adults in a number of important ways, including anatomy, metabolism, immune system, and the extent of myelination of the nervous system. As a consequence, equivalent exposures to radiation from mobile phones result in different doses to specific tissues in children compared with adults. Higher doses are likely to have more severe implications in the young. A young child's skull is not only smaller and thinner than an adult's, but also has dielectric characteristics closer to those of soft tissues, probably due to a higher water content. The young skull better matches the electromagnetic characteristics of the skin and brain. As a result, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm field penetration and higher specific absorption rate (SAR) in deeper structures in the young brain. If the peak spatial SAR (psSAR) is modeled in the entire head, as current testing standards recommend, the results for adults and children are equivalent. Our anatomically based evaluations rely on FDTD simulations of different tissues within the brain and confirm that the psSAR in a child's brain is higher than in an adult's brain.

Mobile phone use, school electromagnetic field levels and related symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among 2150 high school students in Izmir

“…Children and adolescents are considered more susceptible to the impacts of electromagnetic fields, due to continuing plasticity in their brain, thinner skull bones and their brains’ dielectric properties closer to soft tissues [ 21 , 22 ]. Besides, as they start using the device earlier in life, in comparison with their parents who have met this technology in their adulthood, their cumulative exposure will be much higher to this agent classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the IARC [ 23 ].…”

Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons

“…Dosimetric simulations have been performed using different human head models to determine RF power absorption in the head in general, or in the different tissues of the head during a mobile phone communication. Besides the diversity in the human head models, the simulations emphasize significant differences or uncertainties in the estimations of the energy absorbed in the brain according to anatomical or histological parameters such as the external or internal shape of the skull, the thickness or the water content of the different head tissues, which can strongly vary according to age, gender or across individuals (Christ et al 2010;Fernandez -Rodriguez, 2015;Lee et al 2019;Wiart et al 2008). Furthermore, cell phone features such as the internal location of the antenna and cell phone positions relative to the user's head, strongly impact on the levels and distribution of SAR values in the cerebral cortex (Belrhiti et al, 2017;Cardis et al 2008;Ghanmi et al 2014).…”

Electromagnetic Shielding Analysis (EMS) of Hybrid Multilayered Woven Fabric at Different Transmitter Distance

“…The high lead level can decrease vitamin D, hemoglobin and possibly causes death [3]. Brain tissues of young children can absorb higher lead than adults because their brain tissue are thinner compare to adult [4][5][6]. From the previous study, children are more easily to have an increase in blood lead level cause by overlong exposure to electromagnetic radiation [6,7].…”