Double‐deck optimal schedule of micro‐grid based on demand‐side response

Abstract

In order to fully consume renewable energies and schedule demand-side resources more hierarchically, a doubledeck optimal schedule model of micro-grid, which connects to power grids and concludes battery energy storage system (BESS), is proposed. Unlike the original peak-valley time-of-use (TOU) price, in the upper layer optimal schedule, the improved TOU price which takes account into the user's satisfaction can express the adjusted loads accurately and the resulting net loads can be treated as a link between upper and lower layer scheduling. For the reason of having no precise model of BESS, the lower model for the goal of minimising the operation cost is solved by action dependent heuristic dynamic programming algorithm that is not relying on the accurate controlled object model. This algorithm is used to obtain the most optimal performance index function and control strategy by the optimal iterative process, which is based on the back propagation neural network used for evaluating the optimal performance index. Analysis of examples and results has been presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

Optimization strategy of price‐based demand response considering the bidirectional feedback effect

“…Refs. [15,16] discuss the satisfaction degree (SAD) based on the customer's electricity energy expense, and design weight coefficients for different types of customers, which can describe the customer's satisfaction on the current TOU strategy, but it does not consider the impact of multiple types of customers in one area. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive customer satisfaction model that takes into account the customer's load proportion coefficient, which can not only reflect the customer satisfaction of electricity energy expense, but also consider the multiple types of customers.…”

A novel rule‐based computational strategy for a fast and reliable energy management in isolated microgrids

“…For example, single-objective formulations often seek to optimize: cost [10][11][12][13] ; fuel consumption 14 ; energy trading profit-based, 15 battery degradation, 16 optimal power flow 17,18 ; or even by means of multi-objective optimization in a single weighted sum. 19,20 On the other hand, multi-objective formulations are usually based on: cost and emissions [21][22][23] ; energy sharing of prosumers 24 ; operational cost, emission cost, and line losses 25 ; cost, emissions, and coverage 26 ; among others. Some of this research incorporates ESS management, 21,27 or DIS management.…”

Time-Scale Economic Dispatch of Electricity-Heat Integrated System Based on Users’ Thermal Comfort

“…Based on the time-of-use electricity price, a new energy optimal dispatching model considering the users' comfort and power consumption economy of microgrid was proposed in [15]. In [16], in order to make full use of renewable energy and dispatch demand side resources more hierarchically, a bilevel optimal dispatch model of the microgrid considering customer satisfaction was proposed, and the resulting net loads could be treated as a link between the upper and lower layer dispatch.…”