Double surfactants‐assisted electromembrane extraction of cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil and cucumber samples followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cyromazine (CYR) and its main degradation product melamine (MEL) are attracting wide attention due to their potential hazards to the environment and humans. In this work, double surfactants-assisted electromembrane extraction (DS-EME) by Tween 20 and alkylated phosphate was firstly used for purification and extraction of CYR and MEL, and the extract was directly analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. RESULTS: Under the optimum conditions, two targets could be well separated from the main interferences, including common biogenic amines and inorganic cationswithin 14 min. This developed method was successfully applied to the analyses of surface water, soil and cucumber samples, and the average recoveries were in the range 93.3-112%. DS-EME provided a synergistic purification and enrichment effect for CYR and MEL by adding Tween 20 and alkylated phosphate into donor phase and supporting liquid membrane, respectively. Satisfactory limits of detection [0.2-1.5 ng mL −1 , signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3] could be obtained in the tested sample matrices, and the corresponding enrichment factors were up to 115∼123 times. CONCLUSION: This developed method provides an alternative for the simultaneous analysis of CYR and MEL in complex real-world samples.Figure 2. Effects of the pH values in (A) donor phase (DP) and (B) accept phase (AP) on the enrichment factors (EFs) of target analytes. Enrichment conditions: supporting liquid membrane (SLM), 80% NPOE + 10% DEHP + 10% TEHP; and other conditions are the same as those in Fig. 1.

Environmental Applications of Electromembrane Extraction: A Review

“…Guo et al [ 64 ] used double surfactants-assisted electromembrane extraction by Tween ® 20 and alkylated phosphate for the determination of cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil, and cucumber. To begin, 6 × 10 −4 mol/L Tween ® 20 and alkylated phosphate were added to the donor phase and the SLM, respectively.…”

Capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics: Advances and applications in the period February 2019–February 2021

“…Electromembrane extraction (EME) has been proposed by Guo et al as an attractive green microextraction technique for efficient purification and selective enrichment of cyromazine and its degradation product melamine before being directly analyzed by CE‐C 4 D. In this approach, sample preparation is carried out under a direct current electric field and several surfactants have been applied for enhancing extraction efficiency of EME. In this work, a double surfactants‐assisted electromembrane extraction (DS‐EME), adding Tween 20 and alkylated phosphate into the donor phase and the supporting liquid membrane, respectively, was proposed for cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil, and cucumber samples [107].…”

Detection of melamine based on the suppressed anodic response of uric acid by a Au-Ag nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode

“…Although these methods produce accurate and precise results, they are expensive to employ, time consuming, and require tedious sample preparation [ 10 – 21 ]. Furthermore, they cannot be employed for rapid on-site analysis [ 22 ].…”