Doubly-fed-machines in wind-turbine systems: is this application limiting the lifetime of IGBT-frequency-converters?

Bartram, Markus; Bloh, J. von; Doncker, Rik W. De

doi:10.1109/pesc.2004.1355237

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This approach has been applied in a number of studies to explore the expected reliability of power converters in wind turbines [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, these studies often have limitations.…”

Section: Power Converter Reliability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stacks use SKiiP2013GB172-4DWV3 half-bridge integrated power modules [23]. was chosen and therefore V m was calculated using (7).…”

Section: Mscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results at higher U m also indicate that the unique operating conditions may have a significant effect on the T j profile experienced by the power converter, and therefore the lack of drive train dynamic modelling in [7][8][9] will change the T j profiles significantly. …”

Section: Page 16 Of 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Smith¹,

Crabtree²,

Matthews³

2016

8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016)

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Power converter reliability is critical for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines. Converter failures are linked to power module thermal loading but studies often neglect turbine dynamics, control and the impact of wind speed sampling rate on lifetime estimation. This paper addresses this using a 2MW direct-drive PMSG wind turbine model with a 2-level converter, and simulating junction temperatures (T j ) using a power module thermal equivalent circuit under various synthetic wind speed conditions. These synthetic wind conditions include constant and square wave profiles representing stable and gusty wind conditions. Responses to square wave wind speeds showed that the lower the gust frequency, the higher ∆T j becomes, demonstrating that low turbulence sites have greater thermal variation in the converter. In contrast, wind speed variations with frequencies greater than 0.25Hz deliver only small increases in ∆T j . It is concluded that reasonable approximations of T j profiles can be made with 0.25Hz wind speed data, but that lower data rate wind measurements miss essential, damaging characteristics.

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Section: Power Converter Reliability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stacks use SKiiP2013GB172-4DWV3 half-bridge integrated power modules [23]. was chosen and therefore V m was calculated using (7).…”

Section: Mscmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Smith¹,

Crabtree²,

Matthews³

2016

8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016)

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show abstract

“…DFIGs have particular issues with thermal cycling as the rotor frequency is very low around the synchronous speed, leading to a high cycle amplitude and reduced lifespan [10]. Turbines with fully-rated converters turbines have the highest rotor frequency at high turbine powers, reducing this effect.…”

Section: Al Bond Wiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of power electronics lifetime between vertical‐ and horizontal‐axis wind turbines

Parker

Soraghan

Giles

2016

IET Renewable Power Generation

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A comparison has been made of the power electronics lifetime for 5MW horizontaland vertical-axis wind turbines, based on dynamic models supplied with generated wind speed time series. Both two-and three-bladed stall-regulated H-rotor vertical-axis turbines were modelled, with several different control parameters. Vertical-axis turbines are likely to lead to a shorter power electronics lifetime as the aerodynamic torque varies with rotor azimuth, leading to a cyclic generator torque, and increased thermal cycling in the power electronics.An electro-thermal model of a low-voltage converter was created, and used to calculate the switching device temperatures based on the generator torque and speed time series from the turbine model. An empirical lifetime model and rainflow-counting algorithm were used to calculate the lifetime, and this was repeated at different average wind speeds to determine the overall lifetime. The vertical-axis turbine was found to have a lower power electronics lifetime than the horizontal-axis, or require a larger number of parallel switching devices to achieve the same lifetime, although this was lessened by running the turbine with a more relaxed speed control, allowing the rotor inertia to partially absorb the aerodynamic torque ripple. The three-bladed turbine was also found to give a longer power electronic lifetime than the 2-bladed, due to the lower overall torque ripple.

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“…Power electronic converters for both traction (automotive and rail) and wind power generation, to name two examples, are subject to large junction temperature swings during normal operation that are not typical of other power converter applications. For wind power in particular, the widely-varying and intermittent nature of the wind speed and the low converter modulation frequencies (as low as a few hertz for large pole-number, direct drive machines) has a severe effect on device reliability due to the resulting deep thermal cycling [1]. As increasing use of offshore wind farms is made, converter reliability is particularly important since the access for maintenance or repair is severely limited due to adverse weather conditions [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Into IGBT dV/dt During Turn-Off and Its Temperature Dependence

Bryant

Yang

Mawby

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

195

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Abstract-In many power converter applications, particularly those with high variable loads such as traction and wind power, condition monitoring of the power semiconductor devices in the converter is considered desirable. Monitoring the device junction temperature in such converters is an essential part of this process. In this paper, a method for measuring the IGBT junction temperature using the collector voltage dV /dt at turn-off is outlined. A theoretical closed-form expression for the dV /dt at turn-off is derived, closely agreeing with experimental measurements. The role of dV /dt in dynamic avalanche in highvoltage IGBTs is also discussed. Finally, the implications of the temperature dependence of the dV /dt are discussed, including implementation of such a temperature measurement technique.

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Doubly-fed-machines in wind-turbine systems: is this application limiting the lifetime of IGBT-frequency-converters?

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Comparison of power electronics lifetime between vertical‐ and horizontal‐axis wind turbines

Investigation Into IGBT dV/dt During Turn-Off and Its Temperature Dependence

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