“…These forces and motions are necessary for material removal and thus cutting tool wear is an inevitable production problem for manufacturing industries. 149 Two major types of gradual tool wear in metal cutting have been reported, namely, temperature activated diffusive wear or mechanically activated wear in terms of adhesive, abrasive, and/or fatigue mechanisms. The particular type of wear which prevails in a specific machining operation depends on the cutting-tool material, on the workpiece material being machined, and on the cutting conditions themselves.…”