Drinking water consumption patterns in British Columbia: An investigation of associations with demographic factors and acute gastrointestinal illness

Jones, Andria Q.; Majowicz, Shannon E.; Edge, Victoria L.; Thomas, M. Kate; MacDougall, Laura; Fyfe, Murray; Atashband, Shahnaz; Kovacs, Suzie J.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.028

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Consumption rates indicate that, on average, women consume more water in the households than men [42]. Even where tap water use is common, variation in use and, therefore, illness can be affected by water use practices [43]. The results of our study suggest there could be intra-household differences in water use practices and consumption in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Socio-Ecological Risk Factors for Prime-Age Adult Death in Two Coastal Areas of Vietnam

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHierarchical spatial models enable the geographic and ecological analysis of health data thereby providing useful information for designing effective health interventions. In this study, we used a Bayesian hierarchical spatial model to evaluate mortality data in Vietnam. The model enabled identification of socio-ecological risk factors and generation of risk maps to better understand the causes and geographic implications of prime-age (15 to less than 45 years) adult death.Methods and FindingsThe study was conducted in two sites: Nha Trang and Hue in Vietnam. The study areas were split into 500×500 meter cells to define neighborhoods. We first extracted socio-demographic data from population databases of the two sites, and then aggregated the data by neighborhood. We used spatial hierarchical model that borrows strength from neighbors for evaluating risk factors and for creating spatially smoothed risk map after adjusting for neighborhood level covariates. The Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure was used to estimate the parameters. Male mortality was more than twice the female mortality. The rates also varied by age and sex. The most frequent cause of mortality was traffic accidents and drowning for men and traffic accidents and suicide for women. Lower education of household heads in the neighborhood was an important risk factor for increased mortality. The mortality was highly variable in space and the socio-ecological risk factors are sensitive to study site and sex.ConclusionOur study suggests that lower education of the household head is an important predictor for prime age adult mortality. Variability in socio-ecological risk factors and in risk areas by sex make it challenging to design appropriate intervention strategies aimed at decreasing prime-age adult deaths in Vietnam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Socio-Ecological Risk Factors for Prime-Age Adult Death in Two Coastal Areas of Vietnam

et al. 2014

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“…Several studies have investigated a variety of risk factors associated with aspects of drinking water choices in North America, but few have considered the drinking water choices made by rural residents and we are not aware of any that have exclusively investigated drinking water choices of residents in rural areas of Canada. Previous studies have examined the influence of risk factors on choosing to drink bottled water [4,5,6,7], the risk factors associated with choosing bottled water and using in-home treatment of tap water [8,9], and risk factors associated with choosing tap water, filtered tap water, or bottled water [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aesthetic qualities of water, particularly taste and odor, also appear to be associated with the choice to drink bottled water [2,6,10,11]. Choosing bottled water has also been associated with age [4,9,10], gender [4,10] , and income [9,10]. Though not examined in many studies, the household’s water source could play a role in the choice to drink bottled water [4,12], and regional differences have also been found [4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with the Choice to Drink Bottled Water and Tap Water in Rural Saskatchewan

McLeod

Bharadwaj

Waldner

2014

IJERPH

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A cross-sectional study investigated risk factors associated with choices to drink bottled water and tap water in rural Saskatchewan. Of 7,500 anonymous postal questionnaires mailed out, 2,065 responses were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Those who reported a water advisory (p < 0.001) or living in the area for ≤10 years (p = 0.01) were more likely to choose bottled water. Those who reported tap water was not safe to drink were more likely to choose bottled water, an effect greater for those who had no aesthetic complaints (p ≤ 0.001), while those with aesthetic complaints were more likely to choose bottled water if they believed the water was safe (p < 0.001). Respondents who treated their water and did not use a community supply were more likely to choose bottled water (p < 0.001), while those who did not treat their water were more likely to choose bottled water regardless of whether a community supply was used (p < 0.001). A similar pattern of risk factors was associated with a decreased likelihood of consuming tap water daily; however, the use of a community water supply was not significant. Understanding the factors involved in drinking water choices could inform public health education efforts regarding water management in rural areas.

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“…In the past nine years, seven cross-sectional, communifylevel surveys with drinking water assessment components were performed within specific regions of Ontario (Jones et al 2006a, b, unpublished;Pintar et al 2009), British Columbia (Jones et al 2007b), and Newfoundland and Labrador (Butt 2010;Roche & Jones unpublished). The overall purpose of the present study was to pool the data from the seven studies in order to estimate Canadian drinking water consumption patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking water consumption patterns in Canadian communities (2001–2007)

Roche

Jones

Majowicz

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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A pooled analysis of seven cross-sectional studies from Newfoundland and Labrador, Waterloo and Hamilton Regions, Ontario and Vancouver, East Kootenay and Northern Interior Regions, British Columbia (2001 to 2007) was performed to investigate the drinking water consumption patterns of Canadians and to identify factors associated with the volume of tap water consumed. The mean volume of tap water consumed was 1.2 L/day, with a large range (0.03 to 9.0 L/day). In-home water treatment and interactions between age and gender and age and bottled water use were significantly associated with the volume of tap water consumed in multivariable analyses. Approximately 25% (2,221/8,916) of participants were classified as bottled water users, meaning that 75% or more of their total daily drinking water intake was bottled. Approximately 48.6% (4,307/8,799) of participants used an in-home treatment method to treat their tap water for drinking purposes. This study provides a broader geographic perspective and more current estimates of Canadian water consumption patterns than previous studies. The identified factors associated with daily water consumption could be beneficial for risk assessors to identify individuals who may be at greater risk of waterborne illness.

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Drinking water consumption patterns in British Columbia: An investigation of associations with demographic factors and acute gastrointestinal illness

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Socio-Ecological Risk Factors for Prime-Age Adult Death in Two Coastal Areas of Vietnam

Socio-Ecological Risk Factors for Prime-Age Adult Death in Two Coastal Areas of Vietnam

Risk Factors Associated with the Choice to Drink Bottled Water and Tap Water in Rural Saskatchewan

Drinking water consumption patterns in Canadian communities (2001–2007)

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