DRL responding under uncertain reinforcement in rats after medial frontal cortical lesions

Nalwa, Vanit; Rao, Pasupuleti Sreenivasa

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90009-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Interestingly, the sleep restriction-specific changes in peak area and bursting behaviour are very similar to what has been reported in PFC-lesion studies using a DRL paradigm (Cho and Jeantet, 2010;Nalwa and Rao, 1985). Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that sleep loss affects prefrontal cortical functioning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This DRL task requires an intact PFC, as evidenced by lesion studies. For example, rats on a DRL‐10 schedule (required delay between presses is 10 s) with 50% reinforcement rate showed significantly increased premature lever presses (<2 s) after surgical removal of their medial PFC (Nalwa and Rao, ). This suggests a diminished capacity of behavioural inhibition in the lesioned animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep restriction in rats leads to changes in operant behaviour indicative of reduced prefrontal cortex function

Kamphuis

Baichel

Lancel

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARYSleep deprivation has profound effects on cognitive performance, and some of these effects may be mediated by impaired prefrontal cortex function. In search of an animal model to investigate this relationship we studied the influence of restricted sleep on operant conditioning in rats, particularly the performance in a differential reinforcement of low rate responding (DRL) task, which is highly dependent upon an intact prefrontal cortex. Animals were trained to withhold a lever press until an imposed delay of 30 s after the last press had passed in order to achieve a food reward. Once the animals had mastered the task, they were sleeprestricted for 7 days with 20 h of sleep deprivation per day. At the end of each daily sleep deprivation session, performance on the DRL task was assessed. The results show that sleep-restricted animals were less able to time their responses correctly, started pressing the lever more randomly and showed signs of behavioural disinhibition, the latter possibly reflecting enhanced impulsivity. Our data support the hypothesis that a sleep debt has disruptive consequences for the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. This model offers possibilities for future studies investigating the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this relationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep restriction in rats leads to changes in operant behaviour indicative of reduced prefrontal cortex function

Kamphuis

Baichel

Lancel

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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show abstract

“…In contrast, delayed alternation and reversal learning tasks require the subject to generate different responses to the same stimuli from trial to trial. In the rat, the former tasks are impaired by ventral orbital lesions whereas the latter tasks are disrupted by medial PFC lesions (Eichenbaum, Clegg, & Feeley, 1983; Finger et al, 1987; Kolb, Nonneman, & Singh, 1974; Nalwa & Rao, 1985; Neill, 1976). Thus the ventral orbital region may be essential for simple response inhibition, whereas medial areas may play a role both in generating differential responses to familiar stimuli that change their association with reward from trial to trial and in suppressing responses to stimuli previously associated with reward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional differences between the prelimbic and anterior cingulate regions of the rat prefrontal cortex.

Seamans¹,

Floresco²,

Phillips³

1995

Behavioral Neuroscience

306

269

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The effects of reversible lidocaine-induced lesions of 2 subregions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined on a series of cognitively based foraging behaviors on a radial-arm maze. Lesions of the prelimbic (PL) or anterior cingulate (AC) cortex prior to the retention phase of a delayed-foraging task disrupted performance differentially; rats with PL lesions visited arms in a random manner, whereas rats with AC lesions revisited previously baited arms preferentially. Rats with AC lesions were also impaired on a single-trial foraging task; they made numerous revisits to previously baited arms. PL lesions had no effect on performance of this task in well-trained rats. However, rats trained on the 2-phase task did not adapt to a new foraging strategy after a PL lesions, when they were switched unexpectedly to the single-trial foraging task. These data demonstrate functional heterogeneity within the rat mPFC and suggest that the PL is involved in processes through which recently acquired information is used to organize and modify foraging behavior, whereas the AC may play an important role in response flexibility.

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“…Mixed results were observed in lesion studies examining acquisition of DRL behavior. Several studies reported either a decreased reinforcement rate coupled with increased response rate while another demonstrated an increase in very short IRTs (Numan et al, 1975;Nalwa and Rao, 1985). However, several other studies failed to demonstrate an effect of medial frontal cortex lesions, although in one study the lesion may have spared the IL (Kolb et al, 1974;Finger et al, 1987).…”

Section: Comparison Of Neurocircuitry Underlying 5-csrtt and Drl Behamentioning

confidence: 91%

The Utility of Impulsive Bias and Altered Decision Making as Predictors of Drug Efficacy and Target Selection: Rethinking Behavioral Screening for Antidepressant Drugs

Marek

Day

Hudzik

2015

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Cognitive dysfunction may be a core feature of major depressive disorder, including affective processing bias, abnormal response to negative feedback, changes in decision making, and increased impulsivity. Accordingly, a translational medicine paradigm predicts clinical action of novel antidepressants by examining drug-induced changes in affective processing bias. With some exceptions, these concepts have not been systematically applied to preclinical models to test new chemical entities. The purpose of this review is to examine whether an empirically derived behavioral screen for antidepressant drugs may screen for compounds, at least in part, by modulating an impulsive biasing of responding and altered decision making. The differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 72-second schedule is an operant schedule with a documented fidelity for discriminating antidepressant drugs from nonantidepressant drugs. However, a theoretical basis for this empirical relationship has been lacking. Therefore, this review will discuss whether response bias toward impulsive behavior may be a critical screening characteristic of DRL behavior requiring long interresponse times to obtain rewards. This review will compare and contrast DRL behavior with the five-choice serial reaction time task, a test specifically designed for assessing motoric impulsivity, with respect to psychopharmacological testing and the neural basis of distributed macrocircuits underlying these tasks. This comparison suggests that the existing empirical basis for the DRL 72-second schedule as a pharmacological screen for antidepressant drugs is complemented by a novel hypothesis that altering impulsive response bias for rodents trained on this operant schedule is a previously unrecognized theoretical cornerstone for this screening paradigm.

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DRL responding under uncertain reinforcement in rats after medial frontal cortical lesions

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Sleep restriction in rats leads to changes in operant behaviour indicative of reduced prefrontal cortex function

Sleep restriction in rats leads to changes in operant behaviour indicative of reduced prefrontal cortex function

Functional differences between the prelimbic and anterior cingulate regions of the rat prefrontal cortex.

The Utility of Impulsive Bias and Altered Decision Making as Predictors of Drug Efficacy and Target Selection: Rethinking Behavioral Screening for Antidepressant Drugs

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