Dry and Wet Heat Transfer Through Clothing Dependent on the Clothing Properties Under Cold Conditions

Richards, Maryse H.; Rossi, René M.; Meinander, Harriet; Broede, Peter; Candas, Victor; Hartog, E.A. den; Holmér, Ingvar; Nocker, Wolfgang; Havenith, George

doi:10.1080/10803548.2008.11076750

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A considerable amount of moisture was trapped and accumulated in the liner during the experiment. Such moisture reduces both the thermal and evaporative resistance of the helmet ensemble and hence increases the total heat dissipation from the wearer (Lotens et al, 1995;Havenith et al, 2008;Richards et al, 2008). Furthermore, it is reported that absorbed water in the clothing layer increases both heat capacity and thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Evaporative Resistances and Permeability Index Of Helmet Ensmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Moreover, the condensation would remain within the helmet ensembles. Published research has shown that condensation is responsible for the additional heat loss (Lawson et al, 2004;Richards et al, 2008). This is the speculated reason why evaporative resistance of the helmet ensembles can be lower than that in the naked head test (Chen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Evaporative Resistances and Permeability Index Of Helmet Ensmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The isothermal condition was used to ensure that no dry heat loss and no condensation would occur, thus enabling the evaporative heat loss to be measured alone Richards et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Wet Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of thermal and evaporative resistances in cricket helmets using a sweating manikin

Pang¹,

Subic²,

Takla³

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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Section: Evaporative Resistances and Permeability Index Of Helmet Ensmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Evaporative Resistances and Permeability Index Of Helmet Ensmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of thermal and evaporative resistances in cricket helmets using a sweating manikin

Pang¹,

Subic²,

Takla³

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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“…The various effects of moisture in protective clothing have been studied more extensively in recent years [79][80][81] . Moist layers (not fully saturated) may increase the heat loss by about 5%, while increased heat loss due to the "heat pipe" effect may reach up to 40%.…”

Section: Moisture In Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Feet in Cold Exposure

Kuklane

2009

Ind Health

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Safety shoes worn in cold climates need to protect the wearer from work hazards while at the same time offering thermal comfort 1) . Ordinary street shoes can do a good job of keeping feet warm and comfortable within a wide temperature range of -5 to +25˚C under normal activities and with the body's own thermal reaction and heat redistribution. However, added moisture at +15 to +20˚C in combination with low activity may easily cause local cold discomfort. Total foot comfort is determined by the interaction of socks, soles and shoes. In order to choose correct footwear for cold weather it is necessary to define what is meant by cold in various user conditions. Such an approach may also eliminate some of the conflicting requirements from the footwear properties "wish list", including mobility, protection, insulation, waterproofing, vapour permeability, durability, weight, fit, etc. 2) .Based on this approach and footwear thermal properties, cold may be divided into the three ranges: cool (above +5˚C); around the freezing point of water (+5 to -10˚C); and cold (below -10˚C). For temperatures above +5˚C no specific consideration of footwear insulation is required. Most ordinary shoes and occupational footwear have a total insulation around and above 0.20 m 2˚C /W. This insulation should be enough to keep feet warm with medium-heavy activity at temperatures down to +5˚C. The use of somewhat thicker socks (e.g. sports socks in terry cloth) does affect the situation by maintaining warmth. For this range, footwear should be chosen to keep external moisture from entering and/or to allow internal moisture to leave the footwear.The temperature range of +5 to -10˚C is the most complicated due to changing weather conditions around the freezing point of water (0˚C). In this range, considerations for footwear choice should include both protection from external moisture and the need for greater insulation.At temperatures below -10˚C there is less external moisture available to penetrate the footwear, while moisture from sweating does not easily leave footwear due to low temperatures (condensation) in the outer layers of the footwear material package. In these conditions high footwear insulation and internal moisture management properties of the materials increase in importance. Abstract: The paper summarizes the research on cold protection of feet. There exist several conflicting requirements for the choice of the best suited footwear for cold exposure. These conflicts are related to various environmental factors, protection needs and user comfort issues. In order to reduce such conflicts and simplify the choice of proper footwear the paper suggests dividing the cold into specific ranges that are related to properties and state of water and its possibility to penetrate into, evaporate from or condensate in footwear. The thermo-physiological background and reactions in foot are briefly explained, and main problems and risks related to cold injuries, mechanical injuries and slipping discussed. Footwear thermal insulation is the m...

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“…So, WBGT is a great indicator of potential problems, however most probably only as an initial index. (Richards et al, 2008) confirmed the vital role of the clothing insulation in determining thermal comfort. A key concept marginally developed in current generic heat assessment methodologies such as the WBGT and the Fanger comfort model, is clothing permeability and moisture sorption and desorption under transient conditions which significantly increases the heat loss than simply summing the dry and evaporative heat loss.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 61%

Combining several thermal indices to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology

Hachem

Khoury

Harik

2015

JIEM

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Abstract:Purpose: The proposed methodology hopes to provide a systematic multi-disciplinary approach to assess the thermal environment while minimizing unneeded efforts.Design/methodology/approach: Different factors affect the perception of the human thermal experience: metabolic rate (biology), surrounding temperatures (heat balance and environmental factors) and cognitive treatment (physiology).This paper proposes a combination of different multidisciplinary variables to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology. The variables at stake are physiological, biological, and environmental. Our own heat analysis is thoroughly presented and all relevant equations are described.Findings: Most companies are oblivious about potential dangers of heat stress accidents and thus about methods to monitor and prevent them. This methodology enables the company or the concerned individual to conduct a preliminary assessment with minimal wasted resources and time in unnecessary steps whilst providing a guideline for a detailed study with minimal error rates if needed. More so, thermal comfort is an integral part of sound ergonomics practices, which in turn are decisive for the success of any lean six sigma initiative. Research limitations/implications: This methodology requires several full implementationsto finalize its design.-1491-Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management -http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1521 Originality/value: Most used heat comfort models are inherently uncertain and tiresome to apply.An extensive literature review confirms the need for a uniform assessment methodology that combines the different thermal comfort models such as the Fanger comfort model (PMV, PPD) and WGBT since high error rates coupled with tiresome calculations often hinder the thermal assessment process.

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Dry and Wet Heat Transfer Through Clothing Dependent on the Clothing Properties Under Cold Conditions

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of thermal and evaporative resistances in cricket helmets using a sweating manikin

Evaluation of thermal and evaporative resistances in cricket helmets using a sweating manikin

Protection of Feet in Cold Exposure

Combining several thermal indices to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology

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