Dual-targeting and excretable ultrasmall SPIONs for T₁-weighted positive MR imaging of intracranial glioblastoma cells by targeting the lipoprotein receptor-related protein

Abstract

A multifunctional targeted nanoprobe composed of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with surface-conjugated Angiopep-2 was successfully constructed for targeted MR imaging of intracranial glioblastoma.

Sensitive detection of extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles in living mice using MP2RAGE with advanced image co-registration

“…The T1 shortening effects of IONPs have often been used to visualize pathologies in vivo by intravenous injection of IONPs in both pre-clinical [35][36][37] and clinical studies 38,39 . Cell labeling with IONPs has enabled in vivo cell tracking in rodent T1 MR studies with intracranial injection of IONP-labelled cells 34,40 . Although the T1 relaxivity of small IONPs have been assessed using T1 (or R1) mapping methods in ex vivo phantoms, T1 weighted imaging has been mainly used to assess the T1 shortening effects of IONP in vivo [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] .…”

“…Cell labeling with IONPs has enabled in vivo cell tracking in rodent T1 MR studies with intracranial injection of IONP-labelled cells 34,40 . Although the T1 relaxivity of small IONPs have been assessed using T1 (or R1) mapping methods in ex vivo phantoms, T1 weighted imaging has been mainly used to assess the T1 shortening effects of IONP in vivo [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] . However, T1 weighted image intensity can be affected by many factors other than the amount of IONPs.…”

Optimization, Characterization and in vivo Evaluation of Paclitaxel-Loaded Folate-Conjugated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…11,12 In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have become one of the most widely studied targeted nanomaterials. The SPIONs open avenues to drug delivery, 13,14 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 11,15 and cellular-specific targeting, 16 and prolong the blood circulation. 17 The SPIONs accumulate in the tumor site via enhanced permeability and retaining (EPR) effect (passive) or via superparamagnetism properties under an external magnetic field (active).…”

Surface Modification of Iron Oxide-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cerebral Theranostics: Application and Prospection

“…High levels of active efflux transport proteins, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are expressed ( Figure 3 A). There are several mechanisms for non-invasive drug delivery: (1) passive transportation across the membrane along the concentration gradient through paracellular or transcellular ( Figure 3 D); (2) receptor mediated endocytosis ( Figure 3 E), such as transferrin receptor (TfR) [ 38 ], lactoferrin receptor (LfR) [ 39 ], lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) [ 40 ], membrane γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) [ 41 ]; (3) adsorptive mediated endocytosis ( Figure 3 F), such as trans-activating transcriptional (TAT) peptides [ 42 ]; (4) carrier mediated transport ( Figure 3 C), such as amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) [ 43 ] and glucose transporters (GLUT1) [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Small lipophilic molecules, less than 400–500 Da and less than nine hydrogen bonds, can cross BBB by passive transportation.…”