Duplex Surface Modification of 304-L SS Substrates by an Electron-Beam Treatment and Subsequent Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings

Rabadzhiyska, S; Kotlarski, Georgi; Shipochka, Мaria; Rafailov, P. M.; Ormanova, Maria; Strijkova, Velichka; Dimcheva, Nina; Valkov, Stefan

doi:10.3390/coatings12030401

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…This coating on stainless steel becomes attractive due to the cost-effectiveness of the material in comparison with other metals and alloys [3]. Some earlier attempts have been made using magnetron sputtering [4], electron beam [5], mechanical attrition [6], and cold spray [7], but they still require further research regarding their feasibility for industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte

de Proença,

Ribeiro,

Rangel

et al. 2023

Crystals

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Due to their lower cost and good mechanical and corrosion properties, ferrous materials such as stainless steel (SS) are commonly used as bio-materials, mainly as surgical instruments and implants. Surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be a valuable tool to increase corrosion resistance and enhance the bio-compatibility of metallic materials. In this scenario, the current study evaluated the effect of electrolyte composition on the surface of SS304 submitted to PEO treatment. The variation in the amount of KOH and Ta(OH)5 promoted significant changes in the surface characteristics, forming Fe-rich oxide plates, Ta-rich agglomerate particles, and an exposed substrate. The PEO-treated substrates were depleted of some alloying elements (Cr, Ni, and Mn), which, allied to the Ta-enrichment, affected the roughness, wettability, phase stability, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance. All the PEO treatments presented a phase composition of single γ-Fe instead of a dual α + γ phase from the untreated substrate, which was understood in terms of the Nieq-Creq diagram. The corrosion tests indicated that the PEO treatment significantly affected the corrosion parameters, having the presence of a non-uniform oxide layer. The findings show that it is possible to control the chemical and phase composition of SS304 material employing PEO treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte

de Proença,

Ribeiro,

Rangel

et al. 2023

Crystals

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show abstract

“…In general, methods for surface modification of implant materials can be classified as physical, chemical, and mechanical [13][14][15]. These methods and techniques can be used both individually [16][17][18] and in combination [19][20][21]. It is essential to choose a suitable technique for the modification of surfaces of implants depending on their specific applications [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Beam Deflection Geometry on the Surface Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Electron-Beam-Modified TC4 Titanium Alloy

et al. 2023

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This paper aims to investigate the impact of beam deflection geometry on the structure, surface architecture, and friction coefficient of electron-beam-modified TC4 titanium alloys. During the experiments, the electron beam was deflected in the form of different scanning geometries, namely linear, circular, and matrix. The structure of the treated specimens was investigated in terms of their phase composition by employing X-ray diffraction experiments. The microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface architecture was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The friction coefficient was studied by a mechanical wear test. It was found that the linear and circular deflection geometries lead to a transformation of the phase composition, from double-phase α + β to α’ martensitic structure. The application of a linear manner of scanning leads to a residual amount of beta phase. The use of a matrix does not tend to structural changes on the surface of the TC4 alloy. In the case of linear geometry, the thickness of the modified zone is more than 800 μm while, in the case of EBSM using circular scanning, the thickness is about 160 μm. The electron-beam surface modification leads to a decrease in the surface roughness to about 27 nm in EBSM with linear deflection geometry and 31 nm in circular deflection geometry, compared to that of the pure TC4 substrate (about 160 nm). The electron-beam surface modification of the TC4 alloy leads to a decrease in the coefficient of friction (COF), with the lowest COF values obtained in the case of linear deflection geometry (0.32). The results obtained in this study show that beam deflection geometry has a significant effect on the surface roughness and friction coefficient of the treated surfaces. It was found that the application of a linear manner of scanning leads to the formation of a surface with the lowest roughness and friction coefficient.

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“…Coating adhesion can strongly influence the corrosion behavior of coated steel, especially under different factors, such as aggressive environment and mechanical loading. Several methods, such as substrate heating, ion bombardment or mixing, deposition of gradient coatings, and others [5][6][7], are often used to enhance coating adhesion. However, hard coatings, e.g., nitride-based coatings such as CrN, TiAlN, CrAlN, and TiAlSiN, are not the only factors involved [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplex Treatment of AISI 420 Steel by RF-ICP Nitriding and CrAlN Coating Deposition: The Role of Nitriding Duration

2022

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The duplex treatment of AISI 420 steel samples by nitriding in a radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma (RF-ICP) discharge of Ar + N2 + H2 atmosphere followed by CrAlN coating deposition was performed in this study. The influence of plasma nitriding (PN) duration (10, 20, 40, and 60 min) on the structural and functional properties of the duplex-treated samples was determined. A non-linear dependence of AISI 420 steel nitriding kinetics was found on the square root of the PN duration. The thicknesses of the compound layer (CL) and nitrogen diffusion zone (DZ) in the samples and their phase composition resulted in different critical loads of coating failures under adhesion tests. Increasing the load-bearing capacity by the PN caused coating hardening in duplex-treated samples. The role of the PN duration on the wear characteristics of the AISI 420 steel samples after the duplex treatment has been discussed. Corrosion tests of AISI 420 steel demonstrated the significant enhancement (5–67 times) of its corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution after duplex treatment.

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Duplex Surface Modification of 304-L SS Substrates by an Electron-Beam Treatment and Subsequent Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte

Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte

Impact of Beam Deflection Geometry on the Surface Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Electron-Beam-Modified TC4 Titanium Alloy

Duplex Treatment of AISI 420 Steel by RF-ICP Nitriding and CrAlN Coating Deposition: The Role of Nitriding Duration

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