Durability Testing of Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer Waste Forms for Sodium Bearing Waste  at Idaho National Laboratory

Crawford, Charles L.; Jantzen, C Carol

doi:10.2172/913136

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The kaolin clay type was selected with the appropriate Al:Si mole ratio that would suitably react with the Na and anions in the waste liquids. Usually, a ternary phase diagram (such as the one depicted in Figure 2) shows the target region of compositions that is thought to be the most favorable for producing the desired mineral products (Crawford & Jantzen, 2007). Similar diagrams may be seen in Olson et al (2004a) and TTT (2009) for Hanford LAW and WTP-SW wastes, respectively.…”

Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Atomic ratios provide guidelines due to the possibility of significant substitution of different alkali and alkaline earths, and some Fe for Al, in these feldspathoid minerals (Olson et alc 2004a). SRNL has developed a spreadsheet called MINCALC TM that can be used as a tool to select the clay formulation and carbon addition and to make adjustments, such as accounting for extra aluminum and potassium in the wastes (Crawford & Jantzen, 2007;Pareizs et al, 2005). Additional considerations for choosing the optimum mineralizing additive include particle-size distribution that is optimized to make sure that as much clay as possible reacts with the liquid waste as well as eliminating clays that contain additional elements that will not react to form the desired mineral phases.…”

Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclide and Contaminant Immobilization in the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Product

Neeway¹,

Qafoku²,

Westsik³

et al. 2012

Radioactive Waste

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Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide and Contaminant Immobilization in the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Product

Neeway¹,

Qafoku²,

Westsik³

et al. 2012

Radioactive Waste

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“…The kaolin clay type was selected with the appropriate Al:Si mole ratio that would suitably react with the Na and anions in the waste liquids. Usually, a ternary phase diagram (such as the one depicted in Figure 3.1) shows the target region of compositions that is thought to be the most favorable for producing the desired mineral products (Crawford and Jantzen 2007). See Olson et al (2004a) and TTT (2009) for similar ternary diagrams for Hanford LAW and WTP-SW wastes.…”

Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most favorable atomic ratios that would produce the desired nepheline and sodalite products are thought to be M/Si = 1−1.33, M/Al = 1−1.33, Al/Si ≥ 1, and M/(Al+Si) = 0.5-0.67, where M represents an alkali metal, mostly Na in this case; the atomic ratios provide guidelines because there may be significant substitution of different alkali and alkaline earths, and some Fe for Al, in these feldspathoid minerals (Olson et al 2004a). SRNL has developed a spreadsheet called MINCALC TM that can be used as a tool to select the clay formulation and carbon addition and to make adjustments, such as accounting for extra aluminum and potassium in the wastes (Crawford and Jantzen 2007;Pareizs et al 2005).…”

Section: Kaolin Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6.3. A Picture of Disassembled PCT Vessel (Russell et al 2006) This protocol has been used at SRNL and is covered in several articles and reports published by Jantzen and her collaborators (Jantzen 2004(Jantzen , , 2006a(Jantzen , b, 2007(Jantzen , 2008Jantzen et al 2004;2005a, b;Lorier et al 2005;Pareizs et al 2005;Crawford and Jantzen 2007). The PCT has been conducted on both the granular FBSR product and on the FBSR product encapsulated in various binders.…”

Section: Product Consistency Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection Data Package—Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Form

Qafoku¹,

Westsik²,

Strachan³

et al. 2011

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SummaryThe Hanford Site in southeast Washington State has 56 million gallons of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes stored in 177 underground tanks (DOE/ORP 2010). The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection (ORP), through its contractors, is constructing the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to convert the radioactive and hazardous wastes into stable glass waste forms for disposal. Within the WTP, the pretreatment facility will receive the retrieved waste from the tank farms and separate it into two treated process streams. These waste streams will be vitrified, and the resulting waste canisters will be sent to offsite (high-level waste [HLW]) and onsite (immobilized low-activity waste [ILAW]) repositories. As part of the pretreatment and ILAW processing, liquid secondary wastes will be generated that will be transferred to the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) on the Hanford Site for further treatment. These liquid secondary wastes will be converted to stable solid waste forms that will be disposed of in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF).To support the selection of a waste form for the liquid secondary wastes from WTP, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has initiated secondary-waste-form testing work at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). In anticipation of a down-selection process for a waste form for the Solidification Treatment Unit to be added to the ETF, PNNL is developing data packages to support that down-selection. The objective of the data packages is to identify, evaluate, and summarize the existing information on the four waste forms being considered for stabilizing and solidifying the liquid secondary wastes. This data package developed for the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) waste form includes information available in the open literature and from reviewed and released data obtained from testing currently underway.The FBSR waste form is composed of two main components. The wastes are processed in the FBSR to form a granular product. This is the primary waste form. The granular product is then encapsulated in a binder material to form a monolithic form to limit dispersability and to provide some structural integrity for subsidence prevention in the disposal facility. At the Hanford Site, the FBSR process is being evaluated as a supplemental technology for treating and immobilizing Hanford low-activity waste (LAW) radioactive tank waste and for treating secondary wastes from the WTP pretreatment and LAW vitrification processes. The insoluble sodium aluminosilicate mineral form is the preferred FBSR product for the Hanford tank wastes because the solidified wastes will be disposed of in the IDF.The primary product from the FBSR process is a granular product composed of sodium aluminosilicate minerals. The sodium aluminosilicate FBSR granular product is a multiphase mineral assemblage of Na-Al-Si (NAS) feldspathoid minerals (sodalite, nosean, and nepheline) with cage and ring structures that sequester anions and cations...

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Radioactive Demonstrations of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) with Hanford Low Activity Wastes

Jantzen

Crawford

Burket

et al. 2013

Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies II

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Durability Testing of Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer Waste Forms for Sodium Bearing Waste at Idaho National Laboratory

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Radionuclide and Contaminant Immobilization in the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Product

Radionuclide and Contaminant Immobilization in the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Product

Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection Data Package—Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Waste Form

Radioactive Demonstrations of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) with Hanford Low Activity Wastes

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