Dust-mediated loading of trace and major elements to Wasatch Mountain snowpack

Carling, Gregory T.; Fernández, Diego P.; Johnson, William P.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.077

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…22 The sample handling and chemistry was performed in laminar flow benches. An external calibration curve containing Na, Mg, Al, Both the samples and the calibration solutions were prepared in 2.4% HNO 3 (BDH Aristair Plus).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive and Pore Structure Changes in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Kweon

Payne

Deo

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The importance of reactions involving CO 2 , brine, and rock formations into which CO 2 is injected for CO 2 sequestration in saline aquifers is understood. However, the pore-level changes that occur due to these reactions under flow conditions and their impact on the ultimate fate of CO 2 in the repository have not received the same level of attention because of the perceived slowness of the carbonation reactions. In this paper we examine these reactive changes and their impact on the pore structure in sandstones and limestones at realistic aquifer pressure and temperatures, and under reactive flow conditions. The changes observed at the pore-level by direct porosity and microcomputer tomography measurements were complemented by the measurements of time-dependent effluent concentrations of target cations. It is observed that iron chemistry plays an important role in the dissolution and precipitation reactions in Berea sandstone. Illite dissolution leads to a peak in iron concentration in effluent brines. A higher level of dissolution and an increased porosity are observed near the inlet of the core. In limestones, consistent dissolution is observed throughout the experiment. Wormholes are also generated for experiments with larger total flow rates. Results show that reactive changes can cause significant pore-level changes over a short injection span during CO 2 sequestration in saline aquifers with profound implications on injectivity and possibly major mechanical changes.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive and Pore Structure Changes in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Kweon

Payne

Deo

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The concentrations of 11 trace elements (Al, As, Mn, V, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Ni) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the laboratory, following the procedures described by Hegg et al (2009Hegg et al ( , 2010 and Gao et al (2003). Previous studies indicated that the concentrations of trace elements can varied significantly between filtered and unfiltered snow samples loaded with higher concentrations of mineral dust (Carling et al, 2012). Therefore, after snow samples were filtered, we placed each filter in 50 mL of 0.1 N Super pure nitric acid (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA) and allowed them to leach for at least 2 days, after which the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS (Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble ions and trace elements in surface snow and their potential source regions across northeastern China

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sWe collected 92 snow samples from 13 sites across northeastern China. The snow in the remote northeast on the border near Siberia was extremely clean. Al, and Fe were primarily derived from natural sources. Cu, Zn, As, V, and Cd in snow samples were likely derived from anthropogenic sources. a b s t r a c tWe collected 92 snow samples from 13 sites across northeastern China from January 7 to February 15, 2014. The surface snow samples were analyzed for the major water-soluble ions (SO 2À 4 , NO À 3 , F e , Cl e , Na þ , K þ , Ca 2þ , Mg 2þ , and NH þ 4 ) and trace element (Al, As, Mn, V, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Ni). The results indicated that the higher concentrations of NO À 3 and SO 2À 4 and the trace elements Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu were likely attributable to enhanced local industrial emissions in East Asia especially in China. In addition, snow samples characterized by higher enrichment factors of trace elements (Cu, Cd, As, Zn, Pb) were indicative of an anthropogenic source. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning were likely important contributors to the chemical elements in seasonal snow with long-range transport. On the other hand, the large attribution of K þ appeared in the higher latitude demonstrated that biomass burning was a dominated factor of the chemical species in seasonal snow in the higher latitude of China than that in the lower latitude. Finally, an interannual comparison with the 2010 China snow survey also confirmed the source attributions of chemical speciation in seasonal snow in these regions.

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“…Dust contributes substantial loading of soluble salts, metals, and metalloids to snowpack (Turk et al, 2001;Clow et al, 2002;Ingersoll et al, 2008;Lawrence et al, 2010;Rhoades et al, 2010;Carling et al, 2012). Trace metal concentrations in dust (e.g., As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn) are enriched relative to average upper continental crust, and dust-derived trace metals are more available and mobile relative to other sources (Lawrence and Neff, 2009;Lawrence et al, 2010Lawrence et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Trace Element Contributions From Atmospheric Deposition and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals and other solutes released from the thawing cryosphere can impact the hydrologic system, resulting in changing water chemistry because of melting glaciers (Salerno et al, 2016), permafrost (Schuster et al, 2011;Todd et al, 2012), and rock glaciers (Thies et al, 2007). Trace metals are deposited in alpine environments via wet and dry atmospheric deposition, with important contributions from windblown dust (Reynolds et al, 2010;Carling et al, 2012) and industrial activities (Hong et al, 2004). For example, maximum Hg concentrations in an ice core from the Wind River Range, Wyoming, were found in ice from the 1960s to 1980s because of mining and industrialization (Schuster et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%