Dynamic among periodontal disease, stress, and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic between periodontitis and stress and the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in pregnant women from Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods Forty-six women who attended to "Hospital Local Civil" localized in the city were involved. Periodontal clinical evaluation, pregnancy outcome variables and a stress scale were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results The incidence of PTB was 13 %, of LBW was 4.3 %, and the occurrence of PLBW was 21.7 %. Our findings showed that the presence of periodontitis and stress all together increase the risk of LBW babies (OR=4.6; 95 % CI: 0.2-86.6). Regarding, periodontitis and stress interaction, the risk of PTB (OR=0.9; 95 % CI: 0.08-9.6) and PLBW (OR=1.1; 95 % CI: 0.1-7.1) decreased in the presence of these two variables, although their values were higher in the absent of stress (PTB, OR=2.3; 95 % CI: 0.3-14.7 and PLBW, OR=10.3; 95 % CI:1.1-93.2). Conclusions The periodontal disease in this study was associated with PTB, LBW and PLBW. However, their risk depends on the physiological changes produced by stress.Key Words: Pregnancy, periodontal diseases, psychological stress, physiological stress, preterm birth, infant low birth weight (source: MeSH, NLM). RESUMENObjetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dinámica entre periodontitis, estrés y la incidencia de nacimientos prematuros (NP), de bajo peso al nacer (BPN) y de prematuros y bajo peso al nacer (NPBP) de mujeres embarazadas de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Un total de 46 mujeres que asistían al Hospital Local Civil de la ciudad fueron incluidas. Una evaluación clínica periodontal, variables sobre el parto y una escala de estrés fueron registradas. Los datos fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados La incidencia de NP fue 13 %, de BPN de 4,3 %, y la ocurrencia de NPBP de 21,7 %. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la presencia de periodontitis y estrés en conjunto incrementan el riesgo de BPN (OR=4,6; IC al 95 % : 0,2-86,6). De acuerdo, Dynamic among periodontal disease, stress, and adverse pregnancy outcomes Rev. salud pública. 12 (2): 276-286, 2010

Periodontal status and associated risk factors among childbearing age women in Cixi City of China

“…Within the last two decades, a large number of cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort observational studies were carried out to investigate periodontal disease as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes (Arteaga-Guerra et al, 2010), which involved miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and/or preterm low birth weight (PLBW) (Cruz et al, 2009). Results of these studies presented conflicting findings.…”

“…Besides, the majority of studies used community periodontal index (CPI) to describe periodontal status. CPI, as one of the methods for evaluating the prevalence of periodontal disease, had been shown that it could underestimate the true values (Arteaga-Guerra et al, 2010). Therefore, examining six sites of each tooth in a full-mouth scale is necessary, which would make clear understanding of the prevalence of periodontal disease in a particular population.…”

Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

“…Twelve studies were cross-sectional [16,17,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], three were casecontrol [38][39][40] studies, one was a cohort study [41] and two were prospective clinical trial [4,42] studies, comprising 5051 individuals. Two of the studies were conducted only with women [16,34], and two studies did not mention the gender distribution [29,31].…”

“…Two of the studies were conducted only with women [16,34], and two studies did not mention the gender distribution [29,31]. In most of the studies [4,17,[28][29][30]37,38,[40][41][42], the participants were patients at a university periodontal clinic or private dental practice.…”

“…The study by Lopez et al [39] was the only study that included students attending high school, which emphasized the relevance of assessing psychosocial stress and its association with periodontitis early in life. Two studies [16,32] involved patients from an academic institution, and one study involved women in the post-partum period [34].…”