Dynamic Compression of Liquids from Measurements on Strong Shock Waves

Abstract

High explosives were used to drive strong shock waves into various liquids, and a moving-image camera was employed to determine velocities associated with the shock waves. The measured velocities are transformed to pressure-compression points by applying the conservation relations. The pressures attained vary among the 15 liquids studied but are typically in the range 50 kilobars to 150 kilobars. For water, more extensive experimentation suffices to determine the Hugoniot curve from 30 kilobars to 450 kilobars. The highest pressure for each of the liquids extends the available data range from static experimentation several fold. A shock-wave-reflection experimental method is described, the purpose of which is to measure the useful thermodynamic variable (ΔH/ΔV)P at high pressures. Results are given for water. Qualitative experiments to study the transparency of shocked water, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, and benzene are reported.

Shock Vaporization and the Accretion of the Icy Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn

“…In the case of liquid water, the shock wave data are described via a set of bilinear equations by Mitchell and Nellis (1982) who assume a high pressure regime extending from 4.4 to 83 GPa and Bakanova et al (1976) who defined the high pressure regime from 3 to 55 GPa. Double (reflected) shock experiments on water have also been carried out by Walsh and Rice (1957), Bakanova et al (1976), and Mitchell and Nellis (1982), the latter to peak pressures of 230 GPa. In addition, a large number of shock wave data for solid ice initially at temperatures of 258 to 263 K are available over a pressure range from 0.6 to 50.3 GPa (Fig.…”

DFTB-MD Simulation of Shocked Water Cluster

“…At a shock velocity of 11 km/s, the chemical equilibrium, such as temperature and density, of system could be achieved in 2 ps after shock compression. As shown in Figure 4, [20] as shown in Figure (b), the squares correspond to our DFTB-MD results, the triangles are experimental results from Walsh et al [21] and the circles are from Mitchell. [22] Our results provide validation of DFTB-MSST with the generalized gradient approximation equation of state over a wide range of pressures (approximately 10-69 GPa).…”

Thermodynamics of Shock Waves

“…5.48 for U S ¼ A + bu and [36,37] where they assumed C v and g/v constant. Without having shock temperature measurements for water the accuracy of these calculations are not determinable but Dolan's are likely the best for water at this time.…”