Dynamic dielectric properties of the ferroelectric ceramic Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 in shock compression under high electrical fields

Abstract

Shock-induced depolarization of the ferroelectrics could generate a depoling current, which has been utilized widely in the energy conversion devices, such as explosive-driven ferroelectric generators and high pulsed power sources. Among all these ferroelectrics, the lead zirconate/titanate ferroelectric ceramic received most of the attention due to their high energy density and low depolarization pressure, especially Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PZT 95/5). The dynamic permittivity of PZT 95/5 under the shock compression is critical for their applications, which determines the efficiency of the energy conversion. However, to reveal the dynamic permittivity of the ferroelectrics is challenging, the depolarization process during the shock compression is not only short (∼μs) but also coupled with a high electrical field. In this study, the dynamic permittivity of the PZT 95/5 ceramic in shock compression under high electrical fields has been investigated by using a designed oscillation circuit. The experimental results show that the relative permittivity of PZT 95/5 is about 500 at the initial shock compression, and it is only about 220 after shock transit. This decrease would be explained by the PZT 95/5 phase transition under high pressure. In addition, it is found that the permittivity of poled PZT 95/5 is more sensitive to the electrical field than depoled PZT 95/5, and the damping resistances of poled PZT 95/5 could also be influenced by electric fields.

Multilayer PZT 95/5 Antiferroelectric Film Energy Storage Devices with Giant Power Density

“…PZT 95/5 returns to the rhombohedral state after stress-induced depolarization. This observation is consistent with the results of hydrostatic studies of PZT 95/5 [27] . It was shown that when the pressure for hydrostatically loaded PZT 95/5 is decreased from 0.32 to 0.14 GPa, it undergoes a transformation from the AFE orthorhombic state back to the FE rhombohedral state.…”

“…In our experiments, single-layer and multilayer PZT 95/5 films were completely depolarized under 1.7 GPa adiabatic stress that was a factor of five higher than hydrostatic stress applied to PZT 95/5 specimens in Ref. 27. One can conclude that complete depolarization of PZT 95/5 films was due to the stress-induced phase transformation from the FE to a non-polar AFE phase.…”

“…The experimental amplitudes of current produced by 10-layer and 20-layer modules were by a factor 1.4 higher than those for calculated current, the difference will be discussed in the following. It was observed earlier in hydrostatic studies [27] that the FE-to-AFE phase transformation occurs abruptly in bulk PZT 95/5 specimens at a pressure of 0.32 GPa. In our experiments, single-layer and multilayer PZT 95/5 films were completely depolarized under 1.7 GPa adiabatic stress that was a factor of five higher than hydrostatic stress applied to PZT 95/5 specimens in Ref.…”

Superior ferroelectric properties and enhanced depolarization temperature simultaneously achieved in BNT‐based ceramics

“…Ferroelectric materials have played an essential role in high‐power ferroelectric transducers applications 1–3 . The mechanism of its application is that the ferroelectric ceramics with large remnant polarization ( P r ) can retain a lot of bound charges after poling 2–11 . The bound charges can be released over several microseconds during shock compression, thereby generating a sharp current or voltage pulse with megawatts of electrical power in an external circuit 4–11 .…”

“…The mechanism of its application is that the ferroelectric ceramics with large remnant polarization ( P r ) can retain a lot of bound charges after poling 2–11 . The bound charges can be released over several microseconds during shock compression, thereby generating a sharp current or voltage pulse with megawatts of electrical power in an external circuit 4–11 . Lead‐based ferroelectrics, such as Nb‐doped Pb(Zr 0.95 Ti 0.05 )O 3 (PZT95/5) ceramics and Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 –Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 crystals, have been extensively studied due to their excellent energy‐releasing performance under adiabatic compression 4–8 .…”