Dynamic interplay of microRNA in diseases and therapeutic

Abstract

MicroRNAs are the major class of small non‐coding RNAs, evolutionary conserved post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since their discovery in 1993, they have been implicated as master regulators in numerous cellular processes. MicroRNA (miRNA)s regulate gene expression by attenuation and/or mRNA degradation and are commonly associated with cell development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Extensive research in past two decades has provided new insights into the potential implications of miRNA in the onset, progression, and therapeutic nature of miRNAs in disease manifestation. Owing to the novel discoveries, “miRNAs” would probably pave a new direction in therapeutic research. However, “micro” in length miRNAs have attracted considerable attention in numerous other fields. Understanding the functionality of miRNAs, in this review article, we discussed the mechanistic role of miRNAs in human diseases and have outlined most of the recent published work in clinical therapeutics. We have constructed different network models for miRNA and its targets which made us understand their interrelationship and association with diseases. Future research would surely overcome challenges and would introduce new strategies for the utility of miRNAs in a broader setting.

Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

“…228 Various bioinformatic platforms and algorithms have been made for the regulation of miRNA target prediction that dysregulated the streamline nature of miRNA research and prediction of different binding sites of the miR-NAs. 229 Hence, there is ardent need for novel methodologies that can be used for the accurate and quantitative analysis of the miRNA used as biomarker or drug in miRNA therapy. There are unique ways to treat or prevent ADs that involve using miRNAs as a possible tool or target.…”

“…Specificity and sensitivity of every molecular assay regarding the detection of RNA is highly variable, which makes the regularization of the assay very difficult 228 . Various bioinformatic platforms and algorithms have been made for the regulation of miRNA target prediction that dysregulated the streamline nature of miRNA research and prediction of different binding sites of the miRNAs 229 . Hence, there is ardent need for novel methodologies that can be used for the accurate and quantitative analysis of the miRNA used as biomarker or drug in miRNA therapy.…”

The mechanisms and diagnostic potential of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and their related signaling pathways in cervical cancer

“…miRNAs are a group of small, single-stranded ncRNAs with 19–23 nucleotides ( Li et al, 2018 ). Most miRNAs bind imperfectly complementary to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of their target mRNA, resulting in translational repression or degradation of the mRNA ( Smolarz et al, 2022 ; Kargutkar et al, 2023 ). The mechanism by which miRNA takes effect is through inhibition of translation assembly: miRNA competes with eIF4E at the m7G cap site of the mRNA, while promoting deadenylation, decapping, and degradation of the mRNA through recruitment of the PAN2-PAN3 complex, the CCR-NOT complex, and exoribonuclease 1 (XRN1) ( Kargutkar et al, 2023 ).…”

MicroRNAs Associated with Androgen Receptor and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

“…MicroRNA molecules (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the levels of proteins via either blocking translation or driving mRNA degradation. Abnormal levels of 2 of 15 miRNAs may result in the dysregulation of cell function, leading to pathological conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases [1][2][3][4][5]. In relation to cancer, the affected proteins may be tumor drivers or suppressors, and, hence, miRNAs can play a role in tumorigenesis [6].…”