Dynamic Modeling of a Decarbonized District Heating System with CHP Plants in Electricity-Based Mode of Operation

Abstract

The targets of global CO2 reduction outline the importance of decarbonizing the heating and cooling sector, which consume half of the final energy in the European Union (EU). Consequently, heating network operators must adapt to growing requirements for carbon neutrality. Energy system modeling allows the simulation of individual network compositions and regulations, while considering electricity market signals for a more efficient plant operation. The district heating model, programmed for this work, covers a measured heat demand with peak load boiler, biomass-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant, and biomass heating plant supply. The CHP plant reacts to electricity prices of the European Power Exchange market and uses a long-term heat storage to decouple heat and electricity production. This paper presents the results of three annual simulation scenarios aimed at carbon neutrality for the analyzed heating network. Two scenarios achieve a climate-neutral system by replacing the peak load boiler generation. The exclusive storage capacity expansion in the first scenario does not lead to the intended decarbonization. The second scenario increases the output of the CHP plant, while the third simulation uses the biomass heating plant supply. This additional heat producer enables a significant reduction in storage capacity and a higher CHP plant participation in the considered electricity market.

Repowering Industrial Combined Heat and Power Units: a Contribution to Cleaner Energy Production

“…Many existing thermal power plants (TPPs) and CHPs throughout Europe have to face their advanced age, deteriorated efficiency and the strengthening pressure to lower their carbon footprint [7,8] both due to legislation [9] and growing carbon price [10,11]. On the contrary to radical solutions such as rapid shut down of coal power plants which is associated with immense costs [12], rehabilitation and repowering of the existing units to prolong their service, increase their efficiency and decrease the pollutants emissions appears more feasible [13,14]. Many countries that relied heavily on coal power plants, such as Russia [15], Poland [16,17], Czechia and Slovakia [18,19] or Balkan countries [20,21], chose to follow this path.…”

“…(11) (12) where y is the price of GT in 2008, USD kW -1 , x is the net GT output, MW, and C GT,2008 is the price of GT in 2008, USD. (13) where C HRSG,1996 is the price of HRSG in 1996, USD, ΔT ls is the logarithmic mean of temperatures in the individual parts of the HRSG, K, C 41 -C 43 are coefficients given in is the heat flow in the part of HRSG substituting LTWH3, kW, ṁ toHRSG is the mass flow of feed water flowing to HRSG, kg s -1 , and ṁ flugas is the mass flow of flue gas from GT, kg s -1 .…”

Risk Identification in Cogeneration (Combined Heat and Power) Projects: A Polish Case Study

“…Global emission allowances (CO 2 or EUA) reduction objectives focus on the importance of decarbonising the heating and cooling sector, which consumes half of the residual energy in the European Union (EU). Consequently, district heating network operators need to adapt to the increasing carbon neutrality requirements [30]. Legal, regulatory and environmental conditions are the most important factors determining the success of CHP projects.…”

The impact of cogeneration plant and a storage tank in a district heating system

“…The behavior of the CHP coupled with WST was investigated with specialized software like PSCAD [3], TRNSYS [4], Ebsilon [5,6], and methods developed through mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) [7,8], or MATLAB [6,[9][10][11][12].…”