Dynamic Multiple Junction Selection Based Routing Protocol for VANETs in City Environment

Abbasi, Irshad Ahmed; Khan, Adnan Shahid; Ali, Shahzad

doi:10.3390/app8050687

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In order to overcome this challenge, the TARS protocol plays a very important role and shows high PDR, meaning the protocol builds a reliable connection between the two vehicles as well as the connection between the RSU and vehicle, with minimum packet and message loss [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The RSU transmits the warning message up to one hop neighbor (which lies in its transmission range) and the direction based forwarding mechanism minimizes the packet loss chances, which also helps to improve the packet delivery ratio [ 44 ]. The protocol shows the successful packet transmission of warnings as well as safety messages with maximum reach, and the ability to improve driving safety through more reliable delivery of BSMs in VANETs, as shown in Figure 13 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS)

Aldegheishem

Yasmeen

Maryam

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Traffic accidents have become an important problem for governments, researchers and vehicle manufacturers over the last few decades. However, accidents are unfortunate and frequently occur on the road and cause death, damage to infrastructure, and health injuries. Therefore, there is a need to develop a protocol to avoid or prevent traffic accidents at the extreme level in order to reduce human loss. The aim of this research is to develop a new protocol, named as the Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy (TARS), for Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) to minimize the number of road accidents, decrease the death rate caused by road accidents, and for the successful deployment of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). We have run multiple simulations and the results showed that our proposed scheme has outperformed DBSR and POVRP routing protocols in terms of the Message Delivery Ratio (MDR), Message Loss Ratio (MLR), Average Delay, and Basic Safety Message.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS)

Aldegheishem

Yasmeen

Maryam

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…The performance metrics were used in the quantitative evaluation of the routing protocols in the network. This study adopted the following performance metric to evaluate the results for the proposed RALAR protocol: Routing Overhead: The routing overhead metric refers to the total number of routing packets divided by the total number of delivered data packets [45]; • Average Energy Consumption: This is the total energy consumed by each node in the network divided by its initial energy [46].…”

Section: The Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Optimized Location Aided Routing Protocol for VANET Based on Rectangular Estimation of Position

2020

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Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a dynamic decentralized network that consists of various wireless mobile vehicles with no individual user management. Several routing protocols can be used for VANETs, for example, the Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol that utilizes location information provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors. It can help to reduce the search space for the desired route—limiting the search space results in fewer route discovery messages. However, two essential aspects are ignored while applying the LAR protocol in the VANET-based environment. Firstly, the LAR does not exploit the fact that nodes in VANET do not have pure random movement. In other words, nodes in LAR predict the position of destination node by ignoring the fact that the pre-defined constraint on the destination node navigation is met. Secondly, the nodes in the conventional LAR (or simply stated as LAR) protocol use the location information of the destination node before selecting the route location, which is most likely to expire because of the fast movement of the nodes in the VANET environment. This study presents an estimation based on a heuristic approach that was developed to reject weak GPS location data and accept accurate ones. The proposed routing protocol stated as Rectangle-Aided LAR (RALAR) is based on a moving rectangular zone according to the node′s mobility model. Additionally, the proposed RALAR protocol was optimized by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) by selecting the most suitable time-out variable. The results were compared with LAR and Kalman-Filter Aided-LAR (KALAR), the most commonly utilized protocols in VANET for performance metrics using Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), average End-to-End Delay (E2E Delay), routing overhead and average energy consumption. The results showed that the proposed RALAR protocol achieved an improvement over the KALAR in terms of PDR of 4.7%, average E2E delay of 60%, routing overhead of 15.5%, and 10.7% of energy consumption. The results proved that the performance of the RALAR protocol had outperformed the KALAR and LAR protocol in terms of regular network performance measures in the VANET environment.

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“…Protokol ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu metode greedy forwarding yang terbatas, yang meneruskan pesan ke node di persimpangan dan metode recovery, yang didasarkan pada topologi jalan dan persimpangan dunia nyata [10]. Metode greedy forwarding yang terbatas mengikat node pembawa paket untuk meneruskan paket ke node anchor yang terletak di setiap persimpangan daripada mengirimnya melintasi persimpangan [11]. Setelah paket mencapai node anchor, paket ini akan ditransmisikan dengan metode greedy forwarding yang terbatas mencapai tujuan.…”

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Pengembangan Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (Gpsr) Dengan Konsep Overlay Network Pada Vanets

Maulana

Anggoro

Djanali

2020

JUTI

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3) ABSTRAK VANETs (Vehicular ad-hoc networks) merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk komunikasi antar kendaraan. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) merupakan protokol routing yang memiliki performa baik pada lingkungan VANETs. Protokol GPSR memiliki kelemahan ketika node selanjutnya mengalami keadaan local maximum, yaitu ketika node selanjutnya tidak dapat mengirim paket ke node selanjutnya dikarenakan tidak ada node di sekitar yang memiliki posisi terdekat dengan node tujuan atau semua node terdekat telah menerima paket tersebut. Untuk mengatasi keadaan ini, protokol GPSR dimodifikasi dengan konsep overlay network. Overlay network diterapkan dengan menggunakan route discovery milik protokol dynamic source routing (DSR). Hasil dari proses route discovery akan menjadi acuan pencarian virtual anchor point (VAP). VAP merupakan representasi dari overlay network dan berguna untuk mengganti acuan posisi node tujuan dalam metode greedy forwarding. Selain VAP, pemilihan node selanjutnya menerapkan metode area optimum dalam pemilihan node selanjutnya untuk menghindari node yang berada pada luar batas transmisi node pengirim. Dalam makalah ini, evaluasi dilakukan terhadap kinerja routing protocol pada skenario real. Hasil simulasi diukur berdasarkan nilai packet delivery rasio (PDR), end to end delay dan routing overhead (RO). Jumlah node yang digunakan dalam simulasi dimulai dari 50, 100, dan 150 node. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa performa GPSR modifikasi dibandingkan dengan GPSR tradisional mengalami peningkatan nilai PDR sebesar 72%, tetapi terjadi peningkatan pada nilai end to end delay sebesar 1118% dan peningkatan nilai RO sebesar 0.6%.

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Dynamic Multiple Junction Selection Based Routing Protocol for VANETs in City Environment

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS)

Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS)

Genetic Optimized Location Aided Routing Protocol for VANET Based on Rectangular Estimation of Position

Pengembangan Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (Gpsr) Dengan Konsep Overlay Network Pada Vanets

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