Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols

Khan, Muhammad Asghar; Khan, Inam Ullah; Safi, Alamgir; Quershi, Ijaz Mansoor

doi:10.3390/drones2030027

Cited by 87 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Additionally, frequent topology changes and 3D space movement make routing a tedious task in FANETs. To highlight this issue and understand the limits of routing in FANETs, Muhammad Asghar Khan et al [4] presented studied existing routing protocols for FANETs. The authors suggested that topology-based routing protocols are generally better than the other rival protocols in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and network load when applied to UAV ad hoc system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Drone Communications, State-of-the-Art and Architectures

Sharma

2019

Drones

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confidence: 99%

Advances in Drone Communications, State-of-the-Art and Architectures

Sharma

2019

Drones

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“…Table 1 summarizes papers conducting surveys on FANETs, covering various foci, which are self-explanatory given examples, as follows: Open issues, such as enhancing QoS and addressing the dynamicity of network topology. Axel et al [2] 2010 × × × Bauer et al [28] 2011 × × × × Neji et al [29] 2013 × × × × × Bekmezci et al [7] 2013 × × × × × × × × × Ozgur et al [18] 2013 × × × × × × Xie et al [30] 2014 × × × × × × Naser et al [31] 2016 × × × × × × × Gupta et al [32] 2016 × × × × × × × × [34] 2017 × × × × × × Omar et al [35] 2017 × × × × × × × × Zeeshan et al [36] 2018 × × × × × × Khan et al [37] 2018 × × × × × × × Antonio et al [38] 2018 × × × × × × Kaur et al [39] 2018 × × × × × × × Otto et al [40] 2018 × × × × × × × × Jinfang et al [41] 2018 × × × × × × Our paper 2019 × × × × × × × × × × × × × A cross × indicates that the option, which is represented by the column, applies to the reference, which is represented by the row.…”

Section: Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive survey of routing schemes in FANETs, covering a diverse range of aspects. As shown in Table 1, surveys of routing schemes in FANETs have been conducted in the literature with a diverse range of foci [18,32,35,37,39,41], such as hierarchical and data centric approaches [18]; geographical location-based approaches [35]; as well as proactive, reactive, and hybrid routing schemes based on MANETs and VANETs [32]. In addition, although existing papers (see Table 1), including the surveys of routing schemes in FANETs, present taxonomies that categorize routing schemes and mobility models in FANETs, this paper presents a taxonomy that covers various aspects, including objectives, challenges, routing metrics, characteristics, and performance measures.…”

Section: Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Schemes in FANETs: A Survey

Khan

Yau

Noor

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is a self-organizing wireless network that enables inexpensive, flexible, and easy-to-deploy flying nodes, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to communicate among themselves in the absence of fixed network infrastructure. FANET is one of the emerging networks that has an extensive range of next-generation applications. Hence, FANET plays a significant role in achieving application-based goals. Routing enables the flying nodes to collaborate and coordinate among themselves and to establish routes to radio access infrastructure, particularly FANET base station (BS). With a longer route lifetime, the effects of link disconnections and network partitions reduce. Routing must cater to two main characteristics of FANETs that reduce the route lifetime. Firstly, the collaboration nature requires the flying nodes to exchange messages and to coordinate among themselves, causing high energy consumption. Secondly, the mobility pattern of the flying nodes is highly dynamic in a three-dimensional space and they may be spaced far apart, causing link disconnection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the limited research work of routing schemes in FANETs. Different aspects, including objectives, challenges, routing metrics, characteristics, and performance measures, are covered. Furthermore, we present open issues.

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“…In addition, FANETs are deployed for highly sensitive applications that require reliable transmission, but the SDN-FANET could share the same wireless medium for data and control messages. Under these circumstances, to keep FANET's applications and services more reliable, stable, and active, it is essential to design an efficient and reliable control message transmission for FANET operations [19].It is essential to predict UAV information without control message transmission, reducing bandwidth consumption, and signaling overhead. For instance, based on mobility or energy consumption prediction algorithms, the controller can change the frequency control message dissemination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Cluster-Based Control Plane Messages Management in Software-Defined Flying Ad-Hoc Network

Cumino

Maciel

Tavares

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Collaboration between multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to establish a Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a growing trend since future applications claim for more autonomous and rapidly deployable systems. In this context, Software-Defined Networking FANET (SDN-FANET ) separates the control and data plane and provides network programmability, which considers a centralized controller to perform all FANET control functions based on global UAV context information, such as UAV positions, movement trajectories, residual energy, and others. However, control message dissemination in an SDN-FANET with low overhead and high performance is not a trivial task due to FANET particular characteristics, i.e., high mobility, failures in UAV to UAV communication, and short communication range. With this in mind, it is essential to predict UAV information for control message dissemination as well as consider hierarchical network architecture, reducing bandwidth consumption and signaling overhead. In this article, we present a Cluster-bAsed control Plane messages management in sOftware-defined flying ad-hoc NEtwork, called CAPONE. Based on UAV contextual information, the controller can predict UAV information without control message transmission. In addition, CAPONE divides the FANET into groups by computing the number of clusters using the Gap statistics method, which is input for a Fuzzy C-means method to determine the group leader and members. In this way, CAPONE reduces the bandwidth consumption and signaling overhead, while guaranteeing the control message delivering in FANET scenarios. Extensive simulations are used to show the gains of the CAPONE in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, overhead, and energy compared to existing SDN-FANET architectures.Sensors 2020, 20, 67 2 of 18 humans' eyes in the sky, and UAVs must be flying and monitoring events in a coordinated fashion for a long period with reliability [10].In FANET scenarios, UAVs must collaborate, and their behaviors (both the data transmission and the UAV movement) must be effectively controlled to maximize the FANET benefits and application performance [11]. In this way, a decentralized approach [6] to manage FANET include more complexity to synchronize information with all network nodes, requiring more control messages to be transmitted across the FANET, and can increase total power consumption. On the other hand, a centralized UAV controlling system can make optimized decisions based on the global UAV context information [12]. A centralized controller node must deal with the mobility trajectory of UAVs to avoid UAV collisions or improve application performance. It also needs to determine data routing paths, change packet transmission parameters (data rate or transmission power) due to performance or energy reasons. Hence, FANET could be managed by a Software Defined Network (SDN) [13] composed by a group of UAVs with a central controller entity [14]. In turn, implements the concept of SDN into FANET to separate the control and data plane, and to provide network p...

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Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols

Cited by 87 publications

References 27 publications

Advances in Drone Communications, State-of-the-Art and Architectures

Advances in Drone Communications, State-of-the-Art and Architectures

Routing Schemes in FANETs: A Survey

Cluster-Based Control Plane Messages Management in Software-Defined Flying Ad-Hoc Network

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