Dynein at the kinetochore

Gassmann, Reto

doi:10.1242/jcs.220269

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Accordingly, we previously detected acetylated microtubules in Naegleria flagellate cells, but not in mitotic spindles (Velle et al, 2022). This category of genes also includes EB1 and cytoplasmic dynein ( Figure 4D ), both of which play key roles in interphase and mitotic microtubule networks in other species (Dema et al, 2022; Gassmann, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An internally controlled system to study microtubule network diversification links tubulin evolution to the use of distinct microtubule regulators

Kennard,

Velle,

Ranjan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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SUMMARYDiverse eukaryotic cells assemble microtubule networks that vary in structure and composition. While we understand how cells build microtubule networks with specialized functions, we do not know how microtubule networks diversify across deep evolutionary timescales. This problem has remained unresolved because most organisms use shared pools of tubulins for multiple networks, making it impossible to trace the evolution of any single network. In contrast, the amoeboflagellateNaegleriauses distinct tubulin genes to build distinct microtubule networks: whileNaegleriabuilds flagella from conserved tubulins during differentiation, it uses divergent tubulins to build its mitotic spindle. This genetic separation makes for an internally controlled system to study independent microtubule networks in a single organismal and genomic context. To explore the evolution of these microtubule networks, we identified conserved microtubule binding proteins and used transcriptional profiling of mitosis and differentiation to determine which are upregulated during the assembly of each network. Surprisingly, most microtubule binding proteins are upregulated during only one process, suggesting thatNaegleriauses distinct component pools to specialize its microtubule networks. Furthermore, the divergent residues of mitotic tubulins tend to fall within the binding sites of differentiation-specific microtubule regulators, suggesting that interactions between microtubules and their binding proteins constrain tubulin sequence diversification. We therefore propose a model for cytoskeletal evolution in which pools of microtubule network components constrain and guide the diversification of the entire network, so that the evolution of tubulin is inextricably linked to that of its binding partners.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An internally controlled system to study microtubule network diversification links tubulin evolution to the use of distinct microtubule regulators

Kennard,

Velle,

Ranjan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Cytoplasmic dynein and the Ndc80 module are both recruited to kinetochores ( Fig. 1A,B ), the former via the Rod/Zwilch/Zw10 (RZZ) complex and the activating adapter Spindly (SPDL-1 in C. elegans ), and the latter via the kinetochore linker & scaffold Mis12 and Knl1 complexes 3, 12 ; in many species, including vertebrates, the Ndc80 module is additionally recruited by CENP-T 13–15 . While the Ndc80 complex assembles at kinetochores prior to nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), dynein is recruited only after NEBD ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetochore dynein is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and remodel the outer kinetochore

Prevo

Cheerambathur

Earnshaw

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Multiple microtubule-directed activities concentrate on chromosomes during mitosis to ensure their accurate distribution to daughter cells. These activities include couplers and dynamics regulators localized at the kinetochore, the specialized microtubule interface built on centromeric chromatin, as well as motor proteins recruited to kinetochores and to mitotic chromatin. Here, we describe an in vivo reconstruction approach in which the effect of removing the major microtubule-directed activities on mitotic chromosomes is compared to the selective presence of individual activities. This approach revealed that the kinetochore dynein module, comprised of the minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic dynein and its kinetochore-specific adapters, is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and to remodel outer kinetochore composition following microtubule attachment; by contrast, the kinetochore dynein module is unable to support chromosome congression. The chromosome-autonomous action of kinetochore dynein, in the absence of the other major microtubule-directed factors on chromosomes, rotates and orients a substantial proportion of chromosomes such that their sister chromatids attach to opposite spindle poles. In tight coupling with orientation, the kinetochore dynein module drives removal of outermost kinetochore components, including the dynein motor itself and spindle checkpoint activators. The removal is independent of the other major microtubule-directed activities and kinetochore-localized protein phosphatase 1, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the kinetochore dynein module. These observations indicate that the kinetochore dynein module has the ability coordinate chromosome biorientation with attachment state-sensitive remodeling of the outer kinetochore that facilitates cell cycle progression.

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“…Animal spindle MTs nucleate from centrosomes [ 55 ], whereas plant MTs appear to nucleate from the nuclear envelope surface [ 56 ]. In animals and fungi, cytoplasmic dynein is a processive minus-end-directed motor that pulls on astral MTs from the cell cortex for efficient and accurate spindle assembly and positioning [ 57 ]. In contrast, plants lack cytoplasmic dynein but contain many minus-end–directed kinesin-14 proteins, which were thought to be involved in the sliding of anti-parallel microtubules throughout mitosis [ 46 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Mts In Plant Cell Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtubule Regulation in Plants: From Morphological Development to Stress Adaptation

Hsiao

Huang

2023

Biomolecules

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Microtubules (MTs) are essential elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are critical for various cell functions. During cell division, plant MTs form highly ordered structures, and cortical MTs guide the cell wall cellulose patterns and thus control cell size and shape. Both are important for morphological development and for adjusting plant growth and plasticity under environmental challenges for stress adaptation. Various MT regulators control the dynamics and organization of MTs in diverse cellular processes and response to developmental and environmental cues. This article summarizes the recent progress in plant MT studies from morphological development to stress responses, discusses the latest techniques applied, and encourages more research into plant MT regulation.

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Dynein at the kinetochore

Cited by 17 publications

References 167 publications

An internally controlled system to study microtubule network diversification links tubulin evolution to the use of distinct microtubule regulators

An internally controlled system to study microtubule network diversification links tubulin evolution to the use of distinct microtubule regulators

Kinetochore dynein is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and remodel the outer kinetochore

Microtubule Regulation in Plants: From Morphological Development to Stress Adaptation

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