Early Lung Cancer Diagnosis by Biosensors

Abstract

Lung cancer causes an extreme threat to human health, and the mortality rate due to lung cancer has not decreased during the last decade. Prognosis or early diagnosis could help reduce the mortality rate. If microRNA and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), as well as the corresponding autoantibodies, can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis, such high sensitivity of biosensors makes the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer realizable. This review provides an overview of tumor-associated biomarker identifying methods and the biosensor technology available today. Laboratorial researches utilizing biosensors for early lung cancer diagnosis will be highlighted.

High-performance and low-cost lung cancer sensor array based on self-assembled graphene

“…In 2013, approximately 1.6 million new lung cancer cases and 1.4 million lung cancer deaths have occurred all over the world [9]. The mortality rate has not decreased during the last decade [9], because the lack of clinical symptoms in early-stage lung cancer leads to diagnosis at a late stage. Low-cost early diagnosis methods are very important to fight with lung cancer.…”

The phenomenon of fluorescence in immunosensors.

“…Biosensors are one of the greatest challenges in biotechnology, while simultaneously being one of the most promising fields in developing new generation sensors. They offer a fast, selective and sensitive detection of various components such as: pesticides (Meng et al, 2013;Sassolas et al, 2012;Mostafa, 2010), heavy metal ions (Bontidean et al, 2003;Kamtekar et al, 1995;Kulkarni et al, 2011), chemical warfare agents (Burnwotrh et al, 2007), bacteria (Sapsford et al, 2004;Ivnitski et al, 1999), viruses (Nidzworski et al, 2014;Sapsford et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2007), tumor markers (Zhang et al, 2013;Tothill 2009;Soper et al, 2006), cardiac biomarkers (Mazher-Iqbal et al, 2013).…”

The Extraordinary Progress in Very Early Cancer Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: The Role of Oncomarkers and Nanotechnology

“…Numerous genetic and epigenetic biomarkers that may accompany lung cancer development, such as miRNAs and autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), can be detected up to 5 years before NSCLC diagnosis [121]. Future studies should focus on the identification of miRNA signatures as biomarkers and on the development of targeted therapeutics based on miRNAs, as recently attempted for breast cancer [122].…”

“…Aptamer-conjugated silica NPs specifically target T-cell leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. [121,127,143] Magnetic NPs are particularly recommended in cancer cell imaging to develop diagnostic chips and in therapy to specifically release drugs within selectively targeted malignant cells [139]. Magnetic NPs are able to aggregate in the presence of target molecules, facilitating cancer biomarker measurement.…”