Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism—Pilot Study

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most recognized neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood. Comorbid conditions (such as feeding disorders) are more common among people with autism than among the general population. The most frequent somatic disorders in autistic children include the gastrointestinal disorders observed in 46–91% of patients. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the nutrition of children with autism, with particular emphasis placed on feeding in the first year of life, in comparison to the group of healthy peers. Participants included 75 Caucasian children (41 children diagnosed with pure autism, and the control group consisting of 34 children without autistic traits). The analysis was performed based on a questionnaire of own design with the first part devoted to the eating practices of the early infancy. Results: Autistic children, as compared to the healthy peers, presented a shortened time of breastfeeding (the children fell asleep at the breast) (p = 0.04), a delayed introduction of dairy products (p = 0.001), the need of more trials to introduce new foods (p = 0.006), a delayed introduction of foods with solid and lumpy structure (p = 0.004), a longer duration of bottle feeding (p = 0.005), delayed attempts to eating using own hands (p = 0.006) and needed a greater support of parents to divert their attention from food during eating (p = 0.05). Conclusions: 1. The dietary problems are more common among children with the autism spectrum disorder than among the population of healthy children, during the first year of life from the time of introducing the complementary foods. 2. The autistic children experience difficulties with eating and require their parents’ additional involvement significantly more often than their healthy peers.

Role of Nutrition and Diet on Healthy Mental State

“…These results are consistent with other studies identifying inadequate micronutrient intakes for some minerals among individuals within the autistic spectrum [34]. These individuals could benefit from adequate monitoring of nutritional presence and, if necessary, introducing supplements into their diet [35].…”

Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism—Pilot Study, Part II

“…Based on the conducted questionnaire-based investigation, the analysis of the behaviors, habits, and food preferences of the children in the study group in comparison to the group of healthy peers was undertaken, taking the infant [25], early childhood, and school periods into consideration. The period between the thirteenth and thirty-sixth month is critical for the development of proper eating behaviors, habits, and preferences as cognitive curiosity is also directed towards eating and the rituals related to it, while the child learns about food products through its senses.…”

“…The questions referred to the following: method of feeding the child in the initial period of life (breastfeeding or formula); method of introducing complimentary foods; and any difficulties while introducing changes in the feeding. (The results have been published: Brzóska A. et al Eating Behaviors of Children with Autism-Pilot Study [25]).…”

Dietary Patterns, Eating Behavior, and Nutrient Intakes of Spanish Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…Eating behavior problems are characteristics of ASD [5][6][7]. The dietary complications are more common among children with ASD than among the population during the first year of life from the time of introducing the complementary foods [8]. The rejection of solid foods is very frequent, and the introduction of foods with new textures, consistencies, and flavors tends to be difficult, so they preferentially consume the same foods in a repetitive manner [9,10].…”